The philosophy and practice of medicine and bioethics [electronic resource] : a naturalistic-humanistic approach / Barbara Maier, Warren A. Shibles.
This book challenges the unchallenged methods in medicine, such as 'evidence-based medicine, ' which claim to be, but often are not, scientific. It completes medical care by adding the comprehensive humanistic perspectives and philosophy of medicine. No specific or absolute recommendations...
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Format: | Electronic eBook |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Dordrecht ; New York :
Springer,
2011.
|
Series: | International library of ethics, law, and the new medicine ;
47. |
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Table of Contents:
- Note continued: 4.7. Types of Causality
- 4.8. Summary
- References
- 5. Ethics and Non-ethics
- 5.1. Introduction
- 5.2. Naturalistic Theory of Ethics
- 5.3. What Is Ethics in Actual Usage?
- 5.4. Ethics and Morals: An Unethical Society
- 5.5. Value Contradictions
- 5.6. Examples of Contradictions
- 5.7. On Being Non-ethical and Anti-Inquiry
- 5.8. Brief Conclusion
- 5.9. Ethics Text for British Medical Schools
- 5.10. Case Example: Medicine and Dysfunctional Culture (Made Available by Dr Wolf Michael Luetje, Head of the Women's Hospital Viersee in Germany)
- 5.11. Case Example: Military Medical Service as Contradictory to Medical Practice
- 5.12. Insensitivity to Killing: The Failure to be Embarrassed
- 5.13. Case Example: On Sensitivity
- 5.14. Case Example: Tsunami Disaster and Cultural Irresponsibility
- 5.15. Case Example: Culture and Family as Anti-Medicine: Female Circumcision
- References
- 6. Medicotheology and Biotheology
- 6.1. Introduction: How Many People Have Religious Beliefs?
- 6.2. Influence of Religion on Bioethics and Medicine
- 6.3. Church Opposition to Medicine
- 6.4. Should Medicine Be Based on Supernaturalism?
- 6.5. Science and Metaphysical Causes?
- 6.6. Case Example: Religion and Autonomy
- 6.7. Religion Versus Medicine: A Common Ground?
- 6.8. Religion as Ethics
- 6.9. Ethics Committees
- 6.10. Humanism Versus Religion
- 6.11. Absolute Religious Ethics Versus Consequentialism
- 6.12. Case Example: Deprogramming Religion in Medicine
- 6.13. Case Example: A Real Woman
- 6.14. Person as a Soul
- 6.15. Sanctity-of-Life (Human)
- 6.16. General Observations Regarding the Value of Human Life
- 6.17. Contradictions Regarding the Sanctity-of-Life Doctrine
- 6.18. Selected Arguments from the Philosophy of Religion
- 6.19. Prayer as Medical Treatment
- References.
- Note continued: 7. Emotion In Medicine
- 7.1. Introduction
- 7.2. Case Example: Non-mental Associations Provide Complexity to Cognitions
- 7.3. Emotion Not an Internal State
- 7.4. Emotions Can Be Changed
- 7.5. Happy Stoics: Passionate Rational Emotion
- 7.6. Virtually All Judgments Involve Emotion
- 7.7. Emotion Can Change with Bodily Feeling
- 7.8. Emotion Is Not Passive
- 7.9. Emotions Are Unique
- 7.10. Rejection of the Release Theory of Emotions
- 7.11. Case Example: Emotion Requires Assessment
- 7.12. Negative Emotions Are Philosophical Language Fallacies
- 7.13. Some Traditional Examples of Philosophy of Language Fallacies
- 7.14. Pity
- 7.15. Hope and Humor
- 7.16. Case Example: Patients' Negative Emotions
- 7.17. Can Emotions Be Reduced to Physiology?
- 7.18. How Are Diseases and Emotions Classified?
- 7.19. Case Example: Legal Recognition of Emotional Harm
- 7.20. Brief Summary of the Cognitive Theory of Emotion
- 7.21. Case Example: the Cognitions Involved in the Emotion of Interest
- References
- 8. Enlightened Versus Normative Management: Ethics versus Morals
- 8.1. Introduction
- 8.2. Requirements for Good Management
- 8.3. Special Section on Overwork: A Failed Metaphor of the Medical System
- 8.3.1. Introduction
- 8.3.2. How Many Hours Do Physicians, Nurses and Healthcare Workers Work?
- 8.3.3. Attempts to Limit the Number of Work Hours
- 8.3.4. Do Physicians and Nurses Also Cause the Problems of Overwork?
- 8.3.5. What Is the Effect of Overwork?
- 8.3.6. Overwork Harms Health of Staff
- 8.3.7. Overwork Increases Sick Leave
- 8.3.8. Overwork Causes Stress and Burnout and Addictions
- 8.3.9. Overwork and Suicide
- 8.3.10. Overwork Causes Loss of Quality of Life
- 8.3.11. Overwork Is a Causes of Negative Emotions
- 8.3.12. Overwork Causes Loss of Interest in Medical Practice.
- Note continued: 8.3.13. What Is the Legal Result of Overwork?
- 8.3.14. Denial that Healthcare Workers Overwork and/or that It Is Harmful
- 8.3.15. Is There Evidence for the Harm of Overwork?
- References
- 9. Care: A Critique of the Ethics and Emotion of Care
- 9.1. Introduction
- 9.2. Care Theories
- 9.3. Word-Field Meanings of Caring
- 9.3.1. Introduction
- 9.3.2. Synonyms and Word-Field of the Term "Caring"
- 9.4. Irrational Forms of Caring (See Also Empathy and Sympathy)
- 9.5. Cognitive-Emotive Theory of Caring
- 9.5.1. Feeling
- 9.5.2. Caring Is a Value Cognition Causing Feeling [Caring=(Cognition> Feeling)]
- 9.5.3. Caring Is on Positive Cognitions
- 9.5.4. Emotions Can Be Chaned
- 9.5.5. We Cause Our Emotions: Caring Is Caused by Ourselves
- 9.5.6. Passionate Stoics: Rational Emotion, Rational Caring
- 9.5.7. Negative Emotion changes with Feeling
- 9.5.8. Negative Emotion Is Not Passive
- 9.5.9. Each Emotion of Caring is Unique
- 9.5.10. Rejection of the Release Theory of Caring
- 9.5.11. Judgments Generally Involve Emotion
- 9.5.12. Metaemotion
- 9.6. Caring and Negative Emotions
- 9.7. Mutuality of Caring
- 9.8. Patient's Hippocratic Oath
- 9.9. Empathy and Caring
- 9.10. Summary
- References
- 10. Egoism and Altruism in Medicine
- 10.1. Introduction
- 10.2. Common Definition of Altruism and Egoism
- 10.3. Definitions of Altruism
- 10.4. Definitions of Egoism
- 10.5. Analysis of the Word-Fields of Altruism and Egoism
- 10.5.1. Word-Field of Altruism
- 10.5.2. Word-Field of Egoism
- 10.6. Altruism Versus Egoism
- 10.7. Problem of the Self
- 10.8. Ethical Basis of Altruism and Egoism
- 10.8.1. General Remarks
- 10.8.2. Utilitarian Altruism
- 10.8.3. Ayn Rand's Objectivist Egoism
- 10.8.4. Ordinary Language Basis of Altruism and Egoism.
- Note continued: 10.9. Altruism and Egoism as Emotions
- 10.9.1. Altruistic and Egoistic Emotions Are Not Mere Bodily Feelings
- 10.9.2. Altruism and Egoism Are Cognitions Causing Bodily Feelings [26]
- 10.9.3. Emotions of Altruism and Egoism Can Be Changed
- 10.9.4. Altruism and Egoism Are Based on Value Cognitions
- 10.10. Sympathy
- 10.11. Selfishness
- 10.12. Rational Altruism and Egoism
- 10.13. Summary
- References
- 11. Letting Die
- 11.1. Introduction
- 11.2. Misuse of Ethical Terms
- 11.3. Criteria for Preferential Treatment: Non-contradiction
- 11.4. Case Example: Oregon Healthcare Prioritizing
- 11.5. What About Self-Caused Illness and How to Determine?
- 11.6. Hippocratic Oath: Pacifism in Medicine?
- 11.7. Should We Kill X to Save Y? The Numbers Game
- 11.8. Allowing Death=Killing=Murder
- 11.9. Letting-Die and the Samaritan
- 11.10. Albert Schweitzer on Reverence for Life
- 11.11. Negative Emotions Kill and Let Die
- 11.12. Lack of Organs for Transplantation as a Form of Letting Die
- 11.13. Suicide and Euthanasia
- 11.14. Conclusion
- Reference
- 12. Critique of Autonomy and Patient Responsibility
- 12.1. Introduction
- 12.2. Criticisms of the Principle of Autonomy
- 12.3. Patient Responsibility and a Patient Code of Ethics
- 12.4. Patient Duties
- 12.5. Case Report: Patient and Legal Irresponsibility
- References
- 13. Philosophy and Ethics of the Body
- 13.1. Introduction
- 13.2. Definition of Philosophy and Body
- 13.3. Scientific Method: Medicine as a Science
- 13.4. Naturalistic Ethics of the Body
- 13.5. Value of Life in Terms of the Body
- 13.6. Mind
- 13.7. Self as a Language Construct
- 13.8. Un-philosophical Body
- 13.9. Outward Physical Appearances: Beauty
- 13.10. Face
- 13.11. Body as a Whole and Body Parts: Organs and Transplantation Medicine.
- Note continued: 13.12. Reproduction of Bodies?
- 13.13. Leib: Living to the Full
- 13.14. Philosophical Body: The Body as an Aesthetic Whole
- 13.15. Summary of the Ethics of the Body
- References
- 14. Organ Donation: Mandatory Organ Donation Declaration
- 14.1. How Many People Need Organs?
- 14.2. Death Requirement
- 14.3. Opposition to Organ Donation
- 14.4. Support of Organ Donation
- 14.5. Presumed Organ Donation
- 14.6. Family Approval as an Adverse Policy
- 14.7. Recommendations for Obtaining Organs for Transplantation
- 14.7.1. Lottery
- 14.7.2. Economic Incentive Approach
- 14.7.3. Irresponsible Lifestyles and Organ Preference
- 14.7.4. Mandatory Organ Donation Declaration
- References
- 15. Embryonic Stem Cell Research: A Question of Beliefs?
- 15.1. Introduction
- 15.2. Definitions and Clarifications of Morals and Ethics
- 15.3. Facts and Beliefs About Stem Cells
- 15.3.1. What We Already Know About Stem Cells
- 15.3.2. Promise of Stem Cell Research in General
- 15.4. Controversy About What an Embryo Is
- 15.4.1. Definitions
- 15.4.2. Embryonic Development in Its Context
- 15.4.3. Moral Status Ascribed to an Embryo
- 15.4.4. Life Is Not Just Life: When Is a Human a Human?
- 15.5. Ethical Issues in Stem Cell Research
- 15.5.1. How to Perform an Ethical Examination?
- 15.5.2. Inquiry into Language
- 15.5.3. Abortion Argument All Over Again?
- 15.5.4. Adult Stem Cell Research-an Alternative to Embryonic Stem Cell Research? Other Alternative?
- 15.5.5. IVF "Left Over" Embroyos Versus "Created for Research" Embryos
- 15.5.6. Public Funding?
- 15.5.7. Ethical Challenge of Research
- 15.6. Conclusions: Humaine Medicine
- Medicine for Suffering People
- References
- 16. Philosophy of Prevention
- 16.1. Introduction
- 16.2. Analysis of Prevention.
- Note continued: 16.3. Unethical Behavior and Irresponsible Lifestyles
- 16.4. Lifestyle as Philosophical and Critical Thinking
- 16.5. Areas of Prevention
- 16.5.1. Education: The Greatest Preventative of Disorder
- 16.5.2. Cancer Prevention
- 16.5.3. AIDS
- 16.5.4. Alzheimer's Disease (AD)
- 16.5.5. Lack of Exercise: The Obvious Escapes Us
- 16.5.6. Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD)
- 16.5.7. Longevity
- 16.5.8. Death and Disease
- 16.5.9. Hand-Washing: The Obvious Escapes Us Again
- 16.5.10. Drugs and Toxins
- 16.6. Hidden Prevention possibilities
- 16.7. Summary
- References
- 17. Ethics Counseling: Philosophy of Medicine Counseling Instead of Medical Ethics Counseling
- 17.1. Introduction
- 17.2. What is Ethics Counseling (EC)?
- 17.2.1. Task Force on Standards of Biothics Consultation (USA)
- 17.2.2. Basic Ethical Principles in European Bioethics and Biolaw
- 17.3. Criticism of Bioethical Principlism
- 17.4. Case Method of Clinical Ethics
- 17.5. Holistic Philosophy of Medicine
- 17.6. Brief Description of Dewey's Pragmatism and Naturalistic Ethics
- 17.7. Humanism Contains Many of the Elements of Contemporary Definitions of Philosophical Practice (PP)
- 17.8. Present Definitions and Methods of Philosophical Counseling (PC) are Too Restrictive
- 17.9. Philosophical Counseling or Philosophical Practice (PP)
- 17.10. Proposal to Change the Title of Philosophical Practice to Philosophy Education
- 17.11. Philosophy Practitioner and Emotion
- 17.12. Summary
- References
- 18. Medical Language: The Ordinary Language Approach
- 18.1. Introduction
- 18.2. Formal Logic as a Pseudo-Logical Failure
- 18.3. Formal Logic as Irrelevant to Thought, Reason and Emotion
- 18.4. Formal Logic as Irrelevent to Ethics or Bioethics
- 18.5. Formal Logic as a Formal Fallacy.
- Note continued: 18.6. Formal Logic as a Fallacy of Abstractionism
- 18.7. Arrogance of Logicians
- 18.8. Formal Logic Reduces Language to Mathematics
- 18.9. Formal Logic as a Faulty View of Meaning
- 18.10. "Propositions": A Pseudo-Logical Term
- 18.11. Formal Logic as Dogmatism and Misuse of Symbols
- 18.12. Formal Logic Misuses the Term "Truth"
- 18.13. Useless Syllogism
- 18.14. Formal Logic is Not Philosophy
- 18.15. Primacy of Ordinary Language and Pragmatism
- 18.16. Formal Logic Excludes Metaphor and Creative Language
- References
- 19. Critique of Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM): Evidence-Based Medicine and Philosophy-Based Medicine
- 19.1. Does EBM Really Meet the Challenge of Modern Medicine?
- 19.2. What is the View of Evidence in EBM
- Is It Left Undefined?
- 19.3. EBM as Statistics
- 19.4. EBM Often Investigates the Obvious and Trivial
- 19.5. EBM Bears the Risk of Overgeneralization
- 19.6. EBM Is Often Unintelligibly Complex
- 19.7. EBM Is Often Too Abstractionistic
- 19.8. EBM as Appeal to Authority Fallacy
- 19.9. EBM and the Individual Case and Context
- 19.10. Uncritical use of EBM and Clinical Experience
- 19.11. EBM Often Excludes Relevant Causes and Variables
- 19.12. EBM Has Limited Self-Criticism
- 19.13. EBM and Psychiatry
- 19.14. EBM and Human Emotions
- 19.15. EBM and Ethics
- 19.16. EBM Depersonalizes
- 19.17. EBM Text Reviews
- 19.17.1. Evidence-Based Spirituality
- 19.17.2. EBM and Practical Medicine
- 19.17.3. Evidence-Based Nursing
- 19.17.4. EBM and Logic
- 19.17.5. EBM and Gender Medicine
- 19.18. EBM and Rational Medicine
- 19.19. EBM, Psychosomatics and Philosophy
- 19.20. EBM and the Problem of the Placebo
- 19.21. "Philosophy of Medicine"
- Based Medicine Instead of Only "Evidence"
- Based Medicine
- References
- 20. Lying in Medicine.
- Note continued: 20.1. Introduction
- 20.2. Definitions of Lying
- 20.3. New Theory of Lying
- 20.4. Self-Lie
- 20.5. Consequences of Lying
- 20.6. Logic of Flattery: Beneficial Lying
- 20.7. Hypocrisy
- References
- 21. Rhetoric of Death and Dying
- 21.1. Definitions of Death
- 21.1.1. General Definitions
- 21.1.2. Medical-Psychological Definitions of Death
- 21.1.3. Death and Abortion
- 21.2. Death: The Literature
- 21.2.1. Poet's View
- 21.2.2. Wittgenstein on Death
- 21.3. Dying
- 21.3.1. Cognitive-Emotive Theory
- 21.3.2. Cognitive-Emotive Theory of Grief and Bereavement
- 21.4. Philosophy of Religion
- 21.4.1. Views in Theology
- 21.4.2. Old Testament
- 21.4.3. New Testament
- 21.5. Humanism
- 21.6. Rhetoric of Death Using the Metaphorical Method
- 21.6.1. Introduction to the Metaphorical Method
- 21.6.2. Rhetorical Techniques for the Exploration of the Concept
- 21.7. Death and Medical Profession
- 21.8. Final Personal Remarks
- References.