Solar engineering of thermal processes /

Solar engineering of thermal processes / John A. Duffie, William A. Beckman.

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The fourth edition of the acknowledged leading book on solar engineering, this volume presents the basics of solar energy, then goes on to cover the technologies used to harvest this solar energy, store it, and deliver it, including photovoltaics, solar heaters, and cells. The new edition features a...

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Bibliographic Details
Online Access: Full Text (via Skillsoft)
Main Author: Duffie, John A.
Other Authors: Beckman, William A.
Format: Electronic eBook
Language:English
Published: Hoboken : Wiley, 2013.
Edition:4th ed.
Subjects:
Solar energy.
Heat > Transmission.
Heat > Transmission
Solar energy
Table of Contents:
  • Fundamentals. Fundamentals ; Solar radiation ; Available solar radiation ; Selected heat transfer topics ; Radiation characteristics of opaque materials ; Radiation transmission through glazing: absorbed radiation ; Flat-plate collectors ; Concentrating collectors ; Energy storage ; Solar process loads ; System thermal calculations ; Solar process economics
  • Applications. Applications ; Solar water heating: active and passive ; Building heating: active ; Building heating: passive and hybrid methods ; Solar cooling ; Solar industrial process heat ; Solar thermal power systems ; Solar ponds: evaporative processes
  • Design methods. Design methods ; Simulations in solar process design ; Design of active systems: chart ; Design of active systems by utilizability methods ; Design of passive and hybrid heating systems ; Design of photovoltaic systems ; Wind energy
  • Appendixes. A: Problems ; B: Nomenclature ; C: International system of units ; D: Meteorological data ; E: Average shading factors for overhangs.
  • 4. Radiation Characteristics of Opaque Materials
  • 4.1. Absorptance and Emittance
  • 4.2. Kirchhoff's Law
  • 4.3. Reflectance of Surfaces
  • 4.4. Relationships among Absorptance, Emittance, and Reflectance
  • 4.5. Broadband Emittance and Absorptance
  • 4.6. Calculation of Emittance and Absorptance
  • 4.7. Measurement of Surface Radiation Properties
  • 4.8. Selective Surfaces
  • 4.9. Mechanisms of Selectivity
  • 4.10. Optimum Properties
  • 4.11. Angular Dependence of Solar Absorptance
  • 4.12. Absorptance of Cavity Receivers
  • 4.13. Specularly Reflecting Surfaces
  • References
  • 5. Radiation Transmission through Glazing: Absorbed Radiation
  • 5.1. Reflection of Radiation
  • 5.2. Absorption by Glazing
  • 5.3. Optical Properties of Cover Systems
  • 5.4. Transmittance for Diffuse Radiation
  • 5.5. Transmittance-Absorptance Product
  • 5.6. Angular Dependence of (τα)
  • 5.7. Spectral Dependence of Transmittance
  • 5.8. Effects of Surface Layers on Transmittance
  • 5.9. Absorbed Solar Radiation
  • 5.10. Monthly Average Absorbed Radiation
  • 5.11. Absorptance of Rooms
  • 5.12. Absorptance of Photovoltaic Cells
  • 5.13. Summary
  • References
  • 6. Flat-Plate Collectors
  • 6.1. Description of Flat-Plate Collectors
  • 6.2. Basic Flat-Plate Energy Balance Equation
  • 6.3. Temperature Distributions in Flat-Plate Collectors
  • 6.4. Collector Overall Heat Loss Coefficient
  • 6.5. Temperature Distribution between Tubes and the Collector Efficiency Factor
  • 6.6. Temperature Distribution in Flow Direction
  • 6.7. Collector Heat Removal Factor and Flow Factor
  • 6.8. Critical Radiation Level
  • 6.9. Mean Fluid and Plate Temperatures
  • 6.10. Effective Transmittance-Absorptance Product
  • 6.11. Effects of Dust and Shading
  • 6.12. Heat Capacity Effects in Flat-Plate Collectors
  • 6.13. Liquid Heater Plate Geometries
  • 6.14. Air Heaters
  • 6.15. Measurements of Collector Performance
  • 6.16. Collector Characterizations
  • 6.17. Collector Tests: Efficiency, Incidence Angle Modifier, and Time Constant
  • 6.18. Test Data
  • 6.19. Thermal Test Data Conversion
  • 6.20. Flow Rate Corrections to FR(τα)n AND FRUL
  • 6.21. Flow Distribution in Collectors
  • 6.22. In Situ Collector Performance
  • 6.23. Practical Considerations for Flat-Plate Collectors
  • 6.24. Putting it all Together
  • 6.25. Summary
  • References
  • 7. Concentrating Collectors
  • 7.1. Collector Configurations
  • 7.2. Concentration Ratio
  • 7.3. Thermal Performance of Concentrating Collectors
  • 7.4. Optical Performance of Concentrating Collectors
  • 7.5. Cylindrical Absorber Arrays
  • 7.6. Optical Characteristics of Nonimaging Concentrators
  • 7.7. Orientation and Absorbed Energy for CPC Collectors
  • 7.8. Performance of CPC Collectors
  • 7.9. Linear Imaging Concentrators: Geometry
  • 7.10. Images Formed by Perfect Linear Concentrators
  • 7.11. Images from Imperfect Linear Concentrators
  • 7.12. Ray-Trace Methods for Evaluating Concentrators
  • 7.13. Incidence Angle Modifiers and Energy Balances
  • 7.14. Paraboloidal Concentrators
  • 7.15. Central-Receiver Collectors
  • 7.16. Practical Considerations
  • References
  • 8. Energy Storage
  • 8.1. Process Loads and Solar Collector Outputs
  • 8.2. Energy Storage in Solar Process Systems
  • 8.3. Water Storage
  • 8.4. Stratification in Storage Tanks
  • 8.5. Packed-Bed Storage
  • 8.6. Storage Walls
  • 8.7. Seasonal Storage
  • 8.8. Phase Change Energy Storage
  • 8.9. Chemical Energy Storage
  • 8.10. Battery Storage
  • References.
  • 16. Solar Industrial Process Heat
  • 16.1. Integration with Industrial Processes
  • 16.2. Mechanical Design Considerations
  • 16.3. Economics of Industrial Process Heat
  • 16.4. Open-Circuit Air Heating Applications
  • 16.5. Recirculating Air System Applications
  • 16.6. Once-Through Industrial Water Heating
  • 16.7. Recirculating Industrial Water Heating
  • 16.8. Shallow-Pond Water Heaters
  • 16.9. Summary
  • References
  • 17. Solar Thermal Power Systems
  • 17.1. Thermal Conversion Systems
  • 17.2. Gila Bend Pumping System
  • 17.3. Luz Systems
  • 17.4. Central-Receiver Systems
  • 17.5. Solar One and Solar Two Power Plants
  • References
  • 18. Solar Ponds: Evaporative Processes
  • 18.1. Salt-Gradient Solar Ponds
  • 18.2. Pond Theory
  • 18.3. Applications of Ponds
  • 18.4. Solar Distillation
  • 18.5. Evaporation
  • 18.6. Direct Solar Drying
  • 18.7. Summary
  • References
  • Part III. Design Methods
  • 19. Simulations in Solar Process Design
  • 19.1. Simulation Programs
  • 19.2. Utility of Simulations
  • 19.3. Information from Simulations
  • 19.4. TRNSYS: Thermal Process Simulation Program
  • 19.5. Simulations and Experiments
  • 19.6. Meteorological Data
  • 19.7. Limitations of Simulations
  • References
  • 20. Design of Active Systems: f- Chart
  • 20.1. Review of Design Methods
  • 20.2. The f- Chart Method
  • 20.3. The f- Chart for Liquid Systems
  • 20.4. The f- Chart for Air Systems
  • 20.5. Service Water Heating Systems
  • 20.6. The f- Chart Results
  • 20.7. Parallel Solar Energy-Heat Pump Systems
  • 20.8. Summary
  • References
  • 21. Design of Active Systems by Utilizability Methods
  • 21.1. Hourly Utilizability
  • 21.2. Daily Utilizability
  • 21.3. The φ, f- Chart Method
  • 21.4. Summary
  • References
  • 22. Design of Passive and Hybrid Heating Systems
  • 22.1. Approaches to Passive Design
  • 22.2. Solar-Load Ratio Method
  • 22.3. Unutilizability Design Method: Direct Gain
  • 22.4. Unutilizability Design Method: Collector-Storage Walls
  • 22.5. Hybrid Systems: Active Collection with Passive Storage
  • 22.6. Other Hybrid Systems
  • References
  • 23. Design of Photovoltaic Systems
  • 23.1. Photovoltaic Converters
  • 23.2. PV Generator Characteristics and Models
  • 23.3. Cell Temperature
  • 23.4. Load Characteristics and Direct-Coupled Systems
  • 23.5. Controls and Maximum Power Point Trackers
  • 23.6. Applications
  • 23.7. Design Procedures
  • 23.8. High-Flux PV Generators
  • 23.9. Summary
  • References
  • 24. Wind Energy
  • 24.1. Introduction
  • 24.2. Wind Resource
  • 24.3. One-Dimensional Wind Turbine Model
  • 24.4. Estimating Wind Turbine Average Power and Energy Production
  • 24.5. Summary.

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