Environmental materials and waste : resource recovery and pollution prevention /

Environmental materials and waste : resource recovery and pollution prevention / edited by M.N.V. Prasad and Kaimin Shih.

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Environmental Materials and Waste: Resource Recovery and Pollution Prevention contains the latest information on environmental sustainability as a wide variety of natural resources are increasingly being exploited to meet the demands of a worldwide growing population and economy. These raw materials...

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Bibliographic Details
Online Access: Full Text (via ProQuest)
Other Authors: Prasad, M. N. V. (Majeti Narasimha Vara), 1953- (Editor), Shih, Kaimin (Editor)
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: London : Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier, [2016]
Subjects:
Refuse and refuse disposal.
Recycling (Waste, etc.)
Bioremediation.
Pollution prevention.
Table of Contents:
  • Machine generated contents note: 1.1. Introduction / M.N.V. Prasad
  • 1.2. Biowaste Management / M.N.V. Prasad
  • 1.3. Bioremediation of Waste Disposed Land or Existing Landfills / M.N.V. Prasad
  • 1.4. Solid Waste Management: An Indian Perspective / M.N.V. Prasad
  • 1.4.1. Use of Biowaste From Bioremediation: The Case of Aquatic Weeds / M.N.V. Prasad
  • 1.5. Food Waste to Feed Fish / M.N.V. Prasad
  • 1.6. Biological Recultivation of Petroleum Industry-Ravaged Land / M.N.V. Prasad
  • 1.7. Conclusion / M.N.V. Prasad
  • Acknowledgments / M.N.V. Prasad
  • References / M.N.V. Prasad
  • 2.1. Introduction / E.N.V.M. Carrilho / M.Y. Kamogawa / G. Labuto
  • 2.2. Characterization of Vinasse / E.N.V.M. Carrilho / M.Y. Kamogawa / G. Labuto
  • 2.2.1. Inorganic Content of Vinasse / E.N.V.M. Carrilho / M.Y. Kamogawa / G. Labuto
  • 2.2.2.Organic Content of Vinasse / E.N.V.M. Carrilho / M.Y. Kamogawa / G. Labuto
  • 2.3. Applications of Vinasse / E.N.V.M. Carrilho / M.Y. Kamogawa / G. Labuto.
  • Note continued: 2.3.1. The Use of Vinasse as a Resource / E.N.V.M. Carrilho / M.Y. Kamogawa / G. Labuto
  • 2.3.2. Nutrient Source for Plants / E.N.V.M. Carrilho / M.Y. Kamogawa / G. Labuto
  • 2.3.3. Nutrient Source for Microorganisms / E.N.V.M. Carrilho / M.Y. Kamogawa / G. Labuto
  • 2.3.4. Other Applications / G. Labuto / E.N.V.M. Carrilho / M.Y. Kamogawa
  • 2.4. Environmental Concerns Regarding Vinasse Management / E.N.V.M. Carrilho / M.Y. Kamogawa / G. Labuto
  • Acknowledgments / E.N.V.M. Carrilho / M.Y. Kamogawa / G. Labuto
  • References / E.N.V.M. Carrilho / M.Y. Kamogawa / G. Labuto
  • 3.1. Introduction / H. Wijesekara / N.S. Bolan / P. Kumarathilaka / N. Geekiyanage / M. Vithanage / B. Seshadri / C. Saint / A. Surapaneni / A. Kunhikrishnan
  • 3.2. Generation and Composition of Biosolids / H. Wijesekara / N.S. Bolan / P. Kumarathilaka / N. Geekiyanage / M. Vithanage / B. Seshadri / C. Saint / A. Surapaneni / A. Kunhikrishnan.
  • Note continued: 3.2.1. Generation of Biosolids / H. Wijesekara / N.S. Bolan / P. Kumarathilaka / N. Geekiyanage / M. Vithanage / B. Seshadri / C. Saint / A. Surapaneni / A. Kunhikrishnan
  • 3.2.2.Composition of Biosolids / H. Wijesekara / N.S. Bolan / P. Kumarathilaka / N. Geekiyanage / M. Vithanage / B. Seshadri / C. Saint / A. Surapaneni / A. Kunhikrishnan
  • 3.3. Land Application of Biosolids and Pollution Prevention / H. Wijesekara / N.S. Bolan / P. Kumarathilaka / N. Geekiyanage / M. Vithanage / B. Seshadri / C. Saint / A. Surapaneni / A. Kunhikrishnan
  • 3.3.1. Heavy Metals / M. Vithanage / H. Wijesekara / N.S. Bolan / P. Kumarathilaka / A. Surapaneni / A. Kunhikrishnan / B. Seshadri / C. Saint / N. Geekiyanage
  • 3.3.2. Nutrients / H. Wijesekara / N.S. Bolan / P. Kumarathilaka / N. Geekiyanage / M. Vithanage / B. Seshadri / C. Saint / A. Surapaneni / A. Kunhikrishnan.
  • Note continued: 3.3.3. Pathogens / H. Wijesekara / N.S. Bolan / P. Kumarathilaka / N. Geekiyanage / M. Vithanage / B. Seshadri / C. Saint / A. Surapaneni / A. Kunhikrishnan
  • 3.3.4. Odor Emissions / H. Wijesekara / N.S. Bolan / P. Kumarathilaka / N. Geekiyanage / M. Vithanage / B. Seshadri / C. Saint / A. Surapaneni / A. Kunhikrishnan
  • 3.3.5. Greenhouse Gas Emissions / H. Wijesekara / N.S. Bolan / P. Kumarathilaka / N. Geekiyanage / M. Vithanage / B. Seshadri / C. Saint / A. Surapaneni / A. Kunhikrishnan
  • 3.3.6. Emerging Contaminants / H. Wijesekara / N.S. Bolan / P. Kumarathilaka / N. Geekiyanage / M. Vithanage / B. Seshadri / C. Saint / A. Surapaneni / A. Kunhikrishnan
  • 3.4. Regulations of Biosolids Use / H. Wijesekara / N.S. Bolan / P. Kumarathilaka / N. Geekiyanage / M. Vithanage / B. Seshadri / C. Saint / A. Surapaneni / A. Kunhikrishnan.
  • Note continued: 3.5. Effects of Addition of Biosolids in Mine Site Rehabilitation / H. Wijesekara / N.S. Bolan / P. Kumarathilaka / N. Geekiyanage / M. Vithanage / B. Seshadri / C. Saint / A. Surapaneni / A. Kunhikrishnan
  • 3.5.1. Physical Characteristics / H. Wijesekara / N.S. Bolan / P. Kumarathilaka / N. Geekiyanage / M. Vithanage / B. Seshadri / C. Saint / A. Surapaneni / A. Kunhikrishnan
  • 3.5.2. Chemical Characteristics / H. Wijesekara / N.S. Bolan / P. Kumarathilaka / N. Geekiyanage / A. Kunhikrishnan / B. Seshadri / C. Saint / A. Surapaneni / M. Vithanage
  • 3.5.3. Biological Characteristics / H. Wijesekara / N.S. Bolan / P. Kumarathilaka / N. Geekiyanage / M. Vithanage / B. Seshadri / C. Saint / A. Surapaneni / A. Kunhikrishnan
  • 3.6. Conclusions, Challenges, and Future Research Needs / H. Wijesekara / N.S. Bolan / P. Kumarathilaka / N. Geekiyanage / M. Vithanage / B. Seshadri / C. Saint / A. Surapaneni / A. Kunhikrishnan.
  • Note continued: Acknowledgments / H. Wijesekara / N.S. Bolan / P. Kumarathilaka / N. Geekiyanage / M. Vithanage / B. Seshadri / C. Saint / A. Surapaneni / A. Kunhikrishnan
  • References / H. Wijesekara / N.S. Bolan / P. Kumarathilaka / N. Geekiyanage / M. Vithanage / B. Seshadri / C. Saint / A. Surapaneni / A. Kunhikrishnan
  • 4.1. Introduction / S. Mandal / A. Kunhikrishnan / R. Naidu / H. Wijesekara / N.S. Bolan
  • 4.2. Sources of Biowaste / S. Mandal / A. Kunhikrishnan / R. Naidu / H. Wijesekara / N.S. Bolan
  • 4.2.1. Municipal Solid Waste / S. Mandal / A. Kunhikrishnan / R. Naidu / H. Wijesekara / N.S. Bolan
  • 4.2.2. Biosolids / S. Mandal / A. Kunhikrishnan / R. Naidu / H. Wijesekara / N.S. Bolan
  • 4.2.3. Animal and Poultry Manure / S. Mandal / A. Kunhikrishnan / R. Naidu / H. Wijesekara / N.S. Bolan
  • 4.2.4. Paper Mill Sludge / S. Mandal / A. Kunhikrishnan / R. Naidu / H. Wijesekara / N.S. Bolan.
  • Note continued: 4.2.5. Other Organic Wastes / S. Mandal / A. Kunhikrishnan / R. Naidu / H. Wijesekara / N.S. Bolan
  • 4.3. Synthesis and Characterization of Biochar / S. Mandal / A. Kunhikrishnan / R. Naidu / H. Wijesekara / N.S. Bolan
  • 4.3.1. Production Methods / S. Mandal / A. Kunhikrishnan / R. Naidu / H. Wijesekara / N.S. Bolan
  • 4.3.2. Biochar Characterization / S. Mandal / A. Kunhikrishnan / R. Naidu / H. Wijesekara / N.S. Bolan
  • 4.4. Environmental Applications / S. Mandal / A. Kunhikrishnan / R. Naidu / H. Wijesekara / N.S. Bolan
  • 4.4.1. Heavy Metal(loid)s / S. Mandal / A. Kunhikrishnan / R. Naidu / H. Wijesekara / N.S. Bolan
  • 4.4.2.Organic Contaminants / S. Mandal / A. Kunhikrishnan / R. Naidu / H. Wijesekara / N.S. Bolan
  • 4.5. Agricultural Applications / S. Mandal / A. Kunhikrishnan / R. Naidu / H. Wijesekara / N.S. Bolan
  • 4.5.1. Ammonia Volatilization / R. Naidu / S. Mandal / H. Wijesekara / N.S. Bolan / A. Kunhikrishnan.
  • Note continued: 4.5.2. Nitrous Oxide Emission / S. Mandal / A. Kunhikrishnan / R. Naidu / H. Wijesekara / N.S. Bolan
  • 4.5.3. Nitrate Leaching / S. Mandal / A. Kunhikrishnan / R. Naidu / H. Wijesekara / N.S. Bolan
  • 4.5.4. Phosphorus Leaching / S. Mandal / A. Kunhikrishnan / R. Naidu / H. Wijesekara / N.S. Bolan
  • 4.6. Case Studies / S. Mandal / A. Kunhikrishnan / R. Naidu / H. Wijesekara / N.S. Bolan
  • 4.7. Conclusion / S. Mandal / A. Kunhikrishnan / R. Naidu / H. Wijesekara / N.S. Bolan
  • References / S. Mandal / A. Kunhikrishnan / R. Naidu / H. Wijesekara / N.S. Bolan
  • 5.1. Introduction / A. Kumar / L.J. Schreiter / E.R. Graber / L. Tsechansky / C. Scheidt / A. Wefer-Roehl
  • 5.2. Biochar Production and Properties / A. Kumar / L.J. Schreiter / E.R. Graber / L. Tsechansky / C. Scheidt / A. Wefer-Roehl
  • 5.3. Biochar Application at Contaminated Sites / A. Kumar / L.J. Schreiter / E.R. Graber / L. Tsechansky / C. Scheidt / A. Wefer-Roehl.
  • Note continued: 5.3.1. Biochar in Soil Improvement / A. Kumar / L.J. Schreiter / E.R. Graber / L. Tsechansky / C. Scheidt / A. Wefer-Roehl
  • 5.3.2. Interaction of Contaminants With Biochar / A. Kumar / L.J. Schreiter / E.R. Graber / L. Tsechansky / C. Scheidt / A. Wefer-Roehl
  • 5.3.3. Biochar-Based Soil Remediation for Site-Specific Contaminants: Case Studies / L. Tsechansky / C. Scheidt / A. Wefer-Roehl / A. Kumar / L.J. Schreiter / E.R. Graber
  • 5.3.4. Influence on Microbial Activity/Biodegradation of Organic Contaminants / A. Kumar / L.J. Schreiter / E.R. Graber / L. Tsechansky / C. Scheidt / A. Wefer-Roehl
  • 5.4. Biochar, Pollutants, and Plant Interactions / A. Kumar / L.J. Schreiter / E.R. Graber / L. Tsechansky / C. Scheidt / A. Wefer-Roehl
  • 5.5. Summary and Future Perspectives / A. Kumar / L.J. Schreiter / E.R. Graber / L. Tsechansky / C. Scheidt / A. Wefer-Roehl.
  • Note continued: Acknowledgment / A. Kumar / L.J. Schreiter / E.R. Graber / L. Tsechansky / C. Scheidt / A. Wefer-Roehl
  • References / A. Kumar / L.J. Schreiter / E.R. Graber / L. Tsechansky / C. Scheidt / A. Wefer-Roehl
  • 6.1. Introduction / Y. Jayawardhana / M. Vithanage / L. Herath / P. Kumarathilaka
  • 6.1.1. Generation and Disposal of Municipal Solid Waste / Y. Jayawardhana / M. Vithanage / L. Herath / P. Kumarathilaka
  • 6.1.2. Open Dump Sites and Environmental Pollution / Y. Jayawardhana / M. Vithanage / L. Herath / P. Kumarathilaka
  • 6.1.3. Strategies for Prevention of Pollution From Landfills / Y. Jayawardhana / M. Vithanage / L. Herath / P. Kumarathilaka
  • 6.1.4. Prevention of Water and Soil Pollution / Y. Jayawardhana / M. Vithanage / L. Herath / P. Kumarathilaka
  • 6.2.A Greener Transformation of Municipal Solid Waste to Municipal Solid Waste-Biochar / Y. Jayawardhana / M. Vithanage / L. Herath / P. Kumarathilaka.
  • Note continued: 6.2.1. Overview / Y. Jayawardhana / M. Vithanage / L. Herath / P. Kumarathilaka
  • 6.2.2.A Sustainability Platform for Municipal Solid Waste Transformation / M. Vithanage / L. Herath / P. Kumarathilaka / Y. Jayawardhana
  • 6.2.3. Municipal Solid Waste-Biochar Production / Y. Jayawardhana / M. Vithanage / L. Herath / P. Kumarathilaka
  • 6.3. Municipal Solid Waste-Biochar for Landfill Cover / Y. Jayawardhana / M. Vithanage / L. Herath / P. Kumarathilaka
  • 6.3.1. Municipal Solid Waste-Biochar as an Adsorbent and a Substrate for Landfill Cover / Y. Jayawardhana / M. Vithanage / L. Herath / P. Kumarathilaka
  • 6.4. Municipal Solid Waste-Biochar in the Treatment of Landfill Leachate / Y. Jayawardhana / M. Vithanage / L. Herath / P. Kumarathilaka
  • 6.4.1. Municipal Solid Waste-Biochar as Sorbent / Y. Jayawardhana / M. Vithanage / L. Herath / P. Kumarathilaka.
  • Note continued: 6.4.2. The Potential of Municipal Solid Waste-Biochar for the Removal of Heavy Metal and Organic Pollutants / Y. Jayawardhana / M. Vithanage / L. Herath / P. Kumarathilaka
  • 6.5. Potential to Be Used as a Material for Permeable Reactive Barrier / Y. Jayawardhana / M. Vithanage / L. Herath / P. Kumarathilaka
  • 6.5.1. Overview of Permeable Reactive Barrier Applicability / Y. Jayawardhana / M. Vithanage / L. Herath / P. Kumarathilaka
  • 6.5.2. Potential Applicability of Municipal Solid Waste-Biochar Instead of Biochar / Y. Jayawardhana / P. Kumarathilaka / L. Herath / M. Vithanage
  • 6.6. Potential of Municipal Solid Waste-Biochar for Landfill Stabilization / Y. Jayawardhana / P. Kumarathilaka / L. Herath / M. Vithanage
  • 6.7. Remarks / Y. Jayawardhana / P. Kumarathilaka / L. Herath / M. Vithanage
  • Acknowledgments / Y. Jayawardhana / P. Kumarathilaka / L. Herath / M. Vithanage
  • References / Y. Jayawardhana / P. Kumarathilaka / L. Herath / M. Vithanage.
  • Note continued: 7.1. Introduction / N.K. Niazi / B. Murtaza / I. Bibi / M. Shahid / J.C. White / M.E. Nawaz / S. Bashir / M.B. Shakoor / G. Choppala / G. Murtaza / H. Wang
  • 7.2. Precious Metals and Heavy Metals / N.K. Niazi / B. Murtaza / I. Bibi / M. Shahid / J.C. White / M.E. Nawaz / S. Bashir / M.B. Shakoor / G. Choppala / G. Murtaza / H. Wang
  • 7.3. Sources of Heavy Metals and Precious Metals / N.K. Niazi / B. Murtaza / I. Bibi / M. Shahid / J.C. White / M.E. Nawaz / S. Bashir / M.B. Shakoor / G. Choppala / G. Murtaza / H. Wang
  • 7.3.1. Sources of Heavy Metals / N.K. Niazi / B. Murtaza / I. Bibi / M. Shahid / J.C. White / M.E. Nawaz / S. Bashir / M.B. Shakoor / G. Choppala / G. Murtaza / H. Wang
  • 7.3.2. Sources of Precious Metals / N.K. Niazi / B. Murtaza / I. Bibi / M. Shahid / J.C. White / M.E. Nawaz / S. Bashir / M.B. Shakoor / G. Choppala / G. Murtaza / H. Wang.
  • Note continued: 7.4. Removal and Recovery of Heavy Metals and Precious Metals Using Biosorbents and Biochars / N.K. Niazi / B. Murtaza / I. Bibi / M. Shahid / J.C. White / M.E. Nawaz / S. Bashir / M.B. Shakoor / G. Choppala / G. Murtaza / H. Wang
  • 7.4.1. Biosorbents / N.K. Niazi / B. Murtaza / I. Bibi / M. Shahid / J.C. White / M.E. Nawaz / S. Bashir / M.B. Shakoor / G. Choppala / G. Murtaza / H. Wang
  • 7.4.2. Biochar / G. Murtaza / H. Wang / N.K. Niazi / B. Murtaza / I. Bibi / M. Shahid / J.C. White / M.E. Nawaz / S. Bashir / M.B. Shakoor / G. Choppala
  • 7.5. Sources and Types of Biowastes for Biosorbents and Biochar Production / N.K. Niazi / B. Murtaza / I. Bibi / M. Shahid / J.C. White / M.E. Nawaz / S. Bashir / M.B. Shakoor / G. Choppala / G. Murtaza / H. Wang
  • 7.5.1. Algal Biomass / N.K. Niazi / B. Murtaza / I. Bibi / M. Shahid / J.C. White / M.E. Nawaz / S. Bashir / M.B. Shakoor / G. Choppala / G. Murtaza / H. Wang.
  • Note continued: 7.5.2. Agricultural and Food Industry Biowastes for Biosorbents and Biochar / N.K. Niazi / B. Murtaza / I. Bibi / M. Shahid / J.C. White / M.E. Nawaz / S. Bashir / M.B. Shakoor / G. Choppala / G. Murtaza / H. Wang
  • 7.5.3. Processes for Biochar Production / N.K. Niazi / B. Murtaza / I. Bibi / M. Shahid / J.C. White / M.E. Nawaz / S. Bashir / M.B. Shakoor / G. Choppala / G. Murtaza / H. Wang
  • 7.6. Conventional Techniques of Heavy Metals and Precious Metals Removal and Recovery / N.K. Niazi / B. Murtaza / I. Bibi / M. Shahid / J.C. White / M.E. Nawaz / S. Bashir / M.B. Shakoor / G. Choppala / G. Murtaza / H. Wang
  • 7.6.1. Pyrometallurgical Process / M.B. Shakoor / G. Choppala / G. Murtaza / H. Wang / N.K. Niazi / B. Murtaza / I. Bibi / M. Shahid / J.C. White / M.E. Nawaz / S. Bashir
  • 7.6.2. Hydrometallurgical Process / N.K. Niazi / B. Murtaza / I. Bibi / M. Shahid / J.C. White / M.E. Nawaz / S. Bashir / M.B. Shakoor / G. Choppala / G. Murtaza / H. Wang.
  • Note continued: 7.7. Specifications of Biosorbents and Biochar for Metal Recovery / N.K. Niazi / B. Murtaza / I. Bibi / M. Shahid / J.C. White / M.E. Nawaz / S. Bashir / M.B. Shakoor / G. Choppala / G. Murtaza / H. Wang
  • 7.7.1. Applicability of Biosorbents and Biochar in Precious Metal and Heavy Metal Removal and Recovery Process / N.K. Niazi / B. Murtaza / I. Bibi / M. Shahid / J.C. White / M.E. Nawaz / S. Bashir / M.B. Shakoor / G. Choppala / G. Murtaza / H. Wang
  • 7.7.2. High Sorption Capacity / N.K. Niazi / B. Murtaza / I. Bibi / M. Shahid / J.C. White / M.E. Nawaz / S. Bashir / M.B. Shakoor / G. Choppala / G. Murtaza / H. Wang
  • 7.8. Kinetics of Metal Removal by Biosorbent and Biochar (Time of Removal) / N.K. Niazi / B. Murtaza / I. Bibi / M. Shahid / J.C. White / M.E. Nawaz / S. Bashir / M.B. Shakoor / G. Choppala / G. Murtaza / H. Wang.
  • Note continued: 7.9. Stability in Aquatic Environments / M.E. Nawaz / S. Bashir / M.B. Shakoor / G. Choppala / G. Murtaza / H. Wang / N.K. Niazi / B. Murtaza / I. Bibi / M. Shahid / J.C. White
  • 7.10. Procedures for Increasing Sorption Capacity / N.K. Niazi / B. Murtaza / I. Bibi / M. Shahid / J.C. White / M.E. Nawaz / S. Bashir / M.B. Shakoor / G. Choppala / G. Murtaza / H. Wang
  • 7.10.1. Pretreatments / N.K. Niazi / B. Murtaza / I. Bibi / M. Shahid / J.C. White / M.E. Nawaz / S. Bashir / M.B. Shakoor / G. Choppala / G. Murtaza / H. Wang
  • 7.11. Approaches to Enhance Sorption Kinetics of Biosorbents and Biochars / N.K. Niazi / B. Murtaza / I. Bibi / M. Shahid / J.C. White / M.E. Nawaz / S. Bashir / M.B. Shakoor / G. Choppala / G. Murtaza / H. Wang
  • 7.12. Strategies for Stable Biochars and Biosorbents / N.K. Niazi / B. Murtaza / I. Bibi / M. Shahid / J.C. White / M.E. Nawaz / S. Bashir / M.B. Shakoor / G. Choppala / G. Murtaza / H. Wang.
  • Note continued: 7.13. Recovery of Metals and Regeneration of Biosorbents and Biochars / N.K. Niazi / B. Murtaza / I. Bibi / M. Shahid / J.C. White / M.E. Nawaz / S. Bashir / M.B. Shakoor / G. Choppala / G. Murtaza / H. Wang
  • 7.14. Conclusions / M. Shahid / J.C. White / M.E. Nawaz / S. Bashir / M.B. Shakoor / G. Choppala / G. Murtaza / H. Wang / N.K. Niazi / B. Murtaza / I. Bibi
  • Acknowledgments / N.K. Niazi / B. Murtaza / I. Bibi / M. Shahid / J.C. White / M.E. Nawaz / S. Bashir / M.B. Shakoor / G. Choppala / G. Murtaza / H. Wang
  • References / N.K. Niazi / B. Murtaza / I. Bibi / M. Shahid / J.C. White / M.E. Nawaz / S. Bashir / M.B. Shakoor / G. Choppala / G. Murtaza / H. Wang
  • 8.1. Introduction / J. Ling / R.A. de Toledo / H. Shim
  • 8.2. Materials and Methods / J. Ling / R.A. de Toledo / H. Shim
  • 8.2.1. Materials / J. Ling / R.A. de Toledo / H. Shim
  • 8.2.2. Experimental Setup / J. Ling / R.A. de Toledo / H. Shim.
  • Note continued: 8.2.3. Analytical Methods / J. Ling / R.A. de Toledo / H. Shim
  • 8.3. Results and Discussion / J. Ling / R.A. de Toledo / H. Shim
  • 8.3.1. Lipid Production From Different Wastewaters by Oleaginous Yeast / J. Ling / R.A. de Toledo / H. Shim
  • 8.3.2. Influence of Initial Cell Density in Rice Wine Distillery Wastewater Under Nonsterile Conditions / J. Ling / R.A. de Toledo / H. Shim
  • 8.3.3. Mixed Culture of Yeast and Microalgae / J. Ling / R.A. de Toledo / H. Shim
  • 8.3.4. Biodiesel Production / J. Ling / R.A. de Toledo / H. Shim
  • 8.4. Conclusion / J. Ling / R.A. de Toledo / H. Shim
  • Acknowledgments / R.A. de Toledo / H. Shim / J. Ling
  • References / J. Ling / R.A. de Toledo / H. Shim
  • 9.1. Introduction / V. Matichenkov / E. Bocharnikova
  • 9.2. Materials and Methods / V. Matichenkov / E. Bocharnikova
  • 9.3. Results / V. Matichenkov / E. Bocharnikova
  • 9.3.1. First Test / V. Matichenkov / E. Bocharnikova.
  • Note continued: 9.3.2. Second Test / V. Matichenkov / E. Bocharnikova
  • 9.3.3. Third Test / V. Matichenkov / E. Bocharnikova
  • 9.3.4. Discussion / V. Matichenkov / E. Bocharnikova
  • 9.4. Conclusions / V. Matichenkov / E. Bocharnikova
  • References / V. Matichenkov / E. Bocharnikova
  • 10.1. Introduction / V.K. Tyagi / S.L. Lo
  • 10.2. Sludge Characterization / V.K. Tyagi / S.L. Lo
  • 10.3. Methods for Energy and Resource Recovery / V.K. Tyagi / S.L. Lo
  • 10.3.1. Anaerobic Digestion / V.K. Tyagi / S.L. Lo
  • 10.3.2. Incineration and Co-incineration / V.K. Tyagi / S.L. Lo
  • 10.3.3. Gasification / V.K. Tyagi / S.L. Lo
  • 10.3.4. Pyrolysis / V.K. Tyagi / S.L. Lo
  • 10.3.5. Wet Air Oxidation / V.K. Tyagi / S.L. Lo
  • 10.3.6. Supercritical Water Oxidation / V.K. Tyagi / S.L. Lo
  • 10.3.7. Hydrothermal Treatment / V.K. Tyagi / S.L. Lo
  • 10.4. Energy and Resource Recovery / V.K. Tyagi / S.L. Lo
  • 10.4.1. Biogas Recovery by Anaerobic Digestion / V.K. Tyagi / S.L. Lo.
  • Note continued: 10.4.2. Nutrient Recovery / V.K. Tyagi / S.L. Lo
  • 10.4.3. Heavy Metals Recovery / V.K. Tyagi / S.L. Lo
  • 10.4.4. Biofuel Production / V.K. Tyagi / S.L. Lo
  • 10.4.5. Construction Material / V.K. Tyagi / S.L. Lo
  • 10.4.6. Electricity Production From Sludge by Microbial Fuel Cells / V.K. Tyagi / S.L. Lo
  • 10.4.7. Bioplastic / V.K. Tyagi / S.L. Lo
  • 10.4.8. Biofertilizers / V.K. Tyagi / S.L. Lo
  • 10.5. Overall Status of Sludge Reuse for Energy and Resource Recovery / V.K. Tyagi / S.L. Lo
  • 10.6. Summary / S.L. Lo / V.K. Tyagi
  • References / V.K. Tyagi / S.L. Lo
  • 11.1. Chromite Resources: Global and in Turkey / N. Koleli / A. Demir
  • 11.2. Raw Materials Used in Industry and Waste Generated / N. Koleli / A. Demir
  • 11.2.1. Wastes of Chromite Mining / N. Koleli / A. Demir
  • 11.2.2. Wastes of Beneficiation / A. Demir / N. Koleli
  • 11.2.3. Wastes of Smelters / N. Koleli / A. Demir
  • 11.3. Toxic Effect of Chromium Wastes on Humans / N. Koleli / A. Demir.
  • Note continued: 11.4. Recovery of Useful Products From Chromite Industry / N. Koleli / A. Demir
  • Acknowledgments / A. Demir / N. Koleli
  • References / N. Koleli / A. Demir
  • 12.1. Chromium Wastes / Y. Fei / C. Liu
  • 12.1.1. Chromium and Pollution Sources / Y. Fei / C. Liu
  • 12.1.2. Characteristics of Chromium Speciations / Y. Fei / C. Liu
  • 12.1.3. Chromite Ore-Processing Residue / Y. Fei / C. Liu
  • 12.1.4. Ferrochrome and Stainless-Steel Plants: Dust and Waste Acid Treatment Sludge / Y. Fei / C. Liu
  • 12.1.5. Leather Industry: Tanning and Posttanning Wastes / Y. Fei / C. Liu
  • 12.2. Regulations for Chromium in Wastes and Environment Matrix / Y. Fei / C. Liu
  • 12.3. Simple Detoxification and Disposal / Y. Fei / C. Liu
  • 12.4. Stabilization/Solidification Processes / Y. Fei / C. Liu
  • 12.4.1. Basic Cementation Processes / C. Liu / Y. Fei
  • 12.4.2. Modified Cementation Processes / C. Liu / Y. Fei.
  • Note continued: 12.4.3. Lime-Based Stabilization/Solidification Processes / C. Liu / Y. Fei
  • 12.4.4. Thermal Stabilization Processes / C. Liu / Y. Fei
  • 12.5. Secondary Recycling / C. Liu / Y. Fei
  • 12.5.1. Cement / C. Liu / Y. Fei
  • 12.5.2. Glass-Ceramic Materials / C. Liu / Y. Fei
  • 12.5.3. Bricks / C. Liu / Y. Fei
  • 12.5.4. Pigments / C. Liu / Y. Fei
  • 12.6. Summary / C. Liu / Y. Fei
  • Acknowledgments / C. Liu / Y. Fei
  • References / C. Liu / Y. Fei
  • 13.1. Introduction / A. Kumar / Tripti / S.K. Maiti / M.N.V. Prasad
  • 13.2. World Scenario of Asbestos / A. Kumar / Tripti / S.K. Maiti / M.N.V. Prasad
  • 13.2.1. Worldwide Production and Consumption / A. Kumar / Tripti / S.K. Maiti / M.N.V. Prasad
  • 13.2.2. Use of Asbestos and Its Waste / A. Kumar / Tripti / S.K. Maiti / M.N.V. Prasad
  • 13.2.3. Substitutes of Asbestos / A. Kumar / Tripti / S.K. Maiti / M.N.V. Prasad
  • 13.3. Environmental and Health Impact of Asbestos / A. Kumar / Tripti / S.K. Maiti / M.N.V. Prasad.
  • Note continued: 13.3.1. Environmental Impact / S.K. Maiti / M.N.V. Prasad / A. Kumar / Tripti
  • 13.3.2. Health Impact / A. Kumar / Tripti / S.K. Maiti / M.N.V. Prasad
  • 13.4. Cleanup Technologies / A. Kumar / Tripti / S.K. Maiti / M.N.V. Prasad
  • 13.4.1. Phytoremediation / A. Kumar / Tripti / S.K. Maiti / M.N.V. Prasad
  • 13.4.2. Bioremediation / A. Kumar / Tripti / S.K. Maiti / M.N.V. Prasad
  • 13.5. Case Studies / A. Kumar / Tripti / S.K. Maiti / M.N.V. Prasad
  • 13.5.1. India / A. Kumar / Tripti / S.K. Maiti / M.N.V. Prasad
  • References / A. Kumar / Tripti / S.K. Maiti / M.N.V. Prasad
  • 14.1. Introduction / M.N.V Prasad
  • 14.2. Natural Gypsum Applications and Reuse / M.N.V Prasad
  • 14.3. Synthetic Gypsum / M.N.V Prasad
  • 14.4. Flue Gas Desulfurization Gypsum / M.N.V Prasad
  • 14.5. Processing Flue Gas Desulfurization Gypsum / M.N.V Prasad
  • 14.6. Phosphate Mineral Fertilizers: P2O5 / M.N.V Prasad
  • 14.7. Production of Phosphoric Acid / M.N.V Prasad.
  • Note continued: 14.7.1. Manufacturing Process of Phosphoric Acid / M.N.V Prasad
  • 14.8. Characteristics of Phosphogypsum / M.N.V Prasad
  • 14.9. Management and Handling of Phosphogypsum / M.N.V Prasad
  • 14.10. Phosphogypsum in Phosphoric Acid Plants / M.N.V Prasad
  • 14.11. Use of Phosphogypsum / M.N.V Prasad
  • 14.12. Application of Phosphogypsum in Areas of Environment and Material Science / M.N.V Prasad
  • 14.13. Different Types of By-Products of Gypsum / M.N.V Prasad
  • 14.13.1. Phosphogyps um / M.N.V Prasad
  • 14.13.2. Titanogypsum / M.N.V Prasad
  • 14.13.3. Citrogypsum / M.N.V Prasad
  • 14.13.4. Fluoroanhydrite / M.N.V Prasad
  • 14.13.5. Other Synthetic Gypsum / M.N.V Prasad
  • 14.14. Manufacture of Ammonium Sulfate / M.N.V Prasad
  • 14.15. Flue Gas Desulfurization Gypsum as a Source of Calcium and Sulfur for Crops / M.N.V Prasad
  • 14.16. Uranium Recovery From Phosphoric Acid via Hydrometallurgy and Solvent Extraction / M.N.V Prasad
  • Acknowledgments / M.N.V Prasad.
  • Note continued: References / M.N.V Prasad
  • 15.1. Introduction / J. Koelmel / M.N.V Prasad / S. Venkata Mohan / S.K. Butti / G. Velvizhi
  • 15.2. Minerals and Metals Mass Consumption / J. Koelmel / M.N.V Prasad / S. Venkata Mohan / S.K. Butti / G. Velvizhi
  • 15.2.1. Fuel Combustion / J. Koelmel / M.N.V Prasad / S. Venkata Mohan / S.K. Butti / G. Velvizhi
  • 15.2.2. Waste Recycling Operations / J. Koelmel / M.N.V Prasad / S. Venkata Mohan / S.K. Butti / G. Velvizhi
  • 15.2.3. Mining, Smelting, and Secondary Production / J. Koelmel / M.N.V Prasad / S. Venkata Mohan / S.K. Butti / G. Velvizhi
  • 15.2.4. Major Building Materials: Cement and Steel / J. Koelmel / M.N.V Prasad / S. Venkata Mohan / S.K. Butti / G. Velvizhi
  • 15.2.5. Arsenic / J. Koelmel / M.N.V Prasad / S. Venkata Mohan / S.K. Butti / G. Velvizhi
  • 15.2.6. Mercury / J. Koelmel / M.N.V Prasad / S. Venkata Mohan / S.K. Butti / G. Velvizhi.
  • Note continued: 15.2.7. Lead / J. Koelmel / M.N.V Prasad / S. Venkata Mohan / S.K. Butti / G. Velvizhi
  • 15.3. Human Exposure to Metals Through Food and Cosmetics / J. Koelmel / M.N.V Prasad / S. Venkata Mohan / S.K. Butti / G. Velvizhi
  • 15.3.1. Seafood / J. Koelmel / M.N.V Prasad / S. Venkata Mohan / S.K. Butti / G. Velvizhi
  • 15.3.2. Contamination of Major Food Sources in India / J. Koelmel / M.N.V Prasad / G. Velvizhi / S.K. Butti / S. Venkata Mohan
  • 15.4. Metal Recovery Techniques and Processes for the Prevention of Pollution / J. Koelmel / M.N.V Prasad / S. Venkata Mohan / S.K. Butti / G. Velvizhi
  • 15.4.1. Physical Methods / J. Koelmel / M.N.V Prasad / S. Venkata Mohan / S.K. Butti / G. Velvizhi
  • 15.4.2. Chemical Methods / S. Venkata Mohan / J. Koelmel / S.K. Butti / G. Velvizhi / M.N.V Prasad
  • 15.4.3. Electrochemical / J. Koelmel / M.N.V Prasad / S. Venkata Mohan / S.K. Butti / G. Velvizhi.
  • Note continued: 15.4.4. Biological Methods / J. Koelmel / M.N.V Prasad / S. Venkata Mohan / S.K. Butti / G. Velvizhi
  • 15.4.5. Advanced Biological Methods: Bioelectrochemical Systems / J. Koelmel / M.N.V Prasad / S. Venkata Mohan / S.K. Butti / G. Velvizhi
  • 15.5. Pollution Prevention / J. Koelmel / M.N.V Prasad / S. Venkata Mohan / S.K. Butti / G. Velvizhi
  • Acknowledgments / J. Koelmel / M.N.V Prasad / S. Venkata Mohan / S.K. Butti / G. Velvizhi
  • References / J. Koelmel / M.N.V Prasad / S. Venkata Mohan / S.K. Butti / G. Velvizhi
  • Appendix 1: Emission Factors of Trace Metals / J. Koelmel / M.N.V Prasad / S. Venkata Mohan / S.K. Butti / G. Velvizhi
  • 16.1. Introduction to Extracellular Electron Transfer / D.M. Gurumurthy / F. Zhao
  • 16.1.1. Background / D.M. Gurumurthy / F. Zhao
  • 16.1.2. Microbial "Respiration" / D.M. Gurumurthy / F. Zhao
  • 16.2. Extracellular Electron Transfer / D.M. Gurumurthy / F. Zhao.
  • Note continued: 16.2.1. Extracellular Electron Transfer Type and Mechanism / D.M. Gurumurthy / F. Zhao
  • 16.2.2. Indirect Electron Transfer / D.M. Gurumurthy / F. Zhao
  • 16.2.3. Direct Electron Transfer / D.M. Gurumurthy / F. Zhao
  • 16.3. Resources Recovery Based on Extracellular Electron Transfer / D.M. Gurumurthy / F. Zhao
  • 16.3.1. Metals / D.M. Gurumurthy / F. Zhao
  • 16.3.2. Nutrients / D.M. Gurumurthy / F. Zhao
  • 16.3.3. Hydrogen / D.M. Gurumurthy / F. Zhao
  • 16.3.4. Methane / D.M. Gurumurthy / F. Zhao
  • 16.3.5. Ethanol / D.M. Gurumurthy / F. Zhao
  • 16.3.6. Dioxidane and Hydrogen Peroxide / D.M. Gurumurthy / F. Zhao
  • 16.4. Summary and Future Perspective / D.M. Gurumurthy / F. Zhao
  • References / D.M. Gurumurthy / F. Zhao
  • 17.1. Introduction / P.J.C. Favas / S.K. Sarkar / M.N.V Prasad / P. Venkatachalam / D. Rakshit
  • 17.2. Origins of Acid Mine Drainage / P.J.C. Favas / S.K. Sarkar / M.N.V Prasad / P. Venkatachalam / D. Rakshit.
  • Note continued: 17.2.1. Pyrite Oxidation Mechanisms / P.J.C. Favas / S.K. Sarkar / M.N.V Prasad / P. Venkatachalam / D. Rakshit
  • 17.2.2. Sulfide Weathering Products / P.J.C. Favas / S.K. Sarkar / M.N.V Prasad / P. Venkatachalam / D. Rakshit
  • 17.3. Characteristics of Acid Mine Drainage / P.J.C. Favas / S.K. Sarkar / M.N.V Prasad / P. Venkatachalam / D. Rakshit
  • 17.3.1.pH, Acidity, and Alkalinity / P.J.C. Favas / S.K. Sarkar / M.N.V Prasad / P. Venkatachalam / D. Rakshit
  • 17.3.2. Heavy Metal Concentrations / P.J.C. Favas / S.K. Sarkar / D. Rakshit / P. Venkatachalam / M.N.V Prasad
  • 17.3.3. Iron and Aluminum Concentrations / P.J.C. Favas / S.K. Sarkar / M.N.V Prasad / P. Venkatachalam / D. Rakshit
  • 17.3.4. Sulfate and Arsenate Concentrations / P.J.C. Favas / S.K. Sarkar / M.N.V Prasad / P. Venkatachalam / D. Rakshit
  • 17.3.5. Turbidity and Suspended Solids / P.J.C. Favas / S.K. Sarkar / M.N.V Prasad / P. Venkatachalam / D. Rakshit.
  • Note continued: 17.4. Factors Controlling the Formation of Acid Mine Drainage / P.J.C. Favas / S.K. Sarkar / M.N.V Prasad / P. Venkatachalam / D. Rakshit
  • 17.5. Environmental Impact of Acid Mine Drainage / P.J.C. Favas / S.K. Sarkar / M.N.V Prasad / P. Venkatachalam / D. Rakshit
  • 17.5.1. Impact on Water Quality / P.J.C. Favas / S.K. Sarkar / M.N.V Prasad / P. Venkatachalam / D. Rakshit
  • 17.5.2. Impact on the Fluvial Ecosystem / P.J.C. Favas / S.K. Sarkar / M.N.V Prasad / P. Venkatachalam / D. Rakshit
  • 17.5.3. Visual Impact / M.N.V Prasad / P.J.C. Favas / P. Venkatachalam / D. Rakshit / S.K. Sarkar
  • 17.6. Resource Recovery From Acid Mine Drainage / P.J.C. Favas / S.K. Sarkar / M.N.V Prasad / P. Venkatachalam / D. Rakshit
  • 17.6.1. Application of Filter Materials / P.J.C. Favas / S.K. Sarkar / M.N.V Prasad / P. Venkatachalam / D. Rakshit
  • 17.6.2. Using Modular Bioreactors / P.J.C. Favas / S.K. Sarkar / M.N.V Prasad / P. Venkatachalam / D. Rakshit.
  • Note continued: 17.6.3. Using Permeable Reactive Barriers / P.J.C. Favas / S.K. Sarkar / M.N.V Prasad / P. Venkatachalam / D. Rakshit
  • 17.7. Prevention, Mitigation, and Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage / P.J.C. Favas / S.K. Sarkar / M.N.V Prasad / P. Venkatachalam / D. Rakshit
  • 17.7.1. Passive Treatment Methods / P.J.C. Favas / S.K. Sarkar / M.N.V Prasad / P. Venkatachalam / D. Rakshit
  • 17.8. Hydrochemistry of Acid Mine Drainages and Superficial Waters From Abandoned Mines of North Portugal: Environmental Implications / P.J.C. Favas / S.K. Sarkar / M.N.V Prasad / P. Venkatachalam / D. Rakshit
  • 17.8.1. Study Areas / P.J.C. Favas / S.K. Sarkar / M.N.V Prasad / P. Venkatachalam / D. Rakshit
  • 17.8.2. Methods / P.J.C. Favas / S.K. Sarkar / M.N.V Prasad / P. Venkatachalam / D. Rakshit
  • 17.8.3. Results and Discussion / P.J.C. Favas / S.K. Sarkar / M.N.V Prasad / P. Venkatachalam / D. Rakshit.
  • Note continued: 17.8.4. Conclusions / P.J.C. Favas / S.K. Sarkar / M.N.V Prasad / P. Venkatachalam / D. Rakshit
  • References / P.J.C. Favas / S.K. Sarkar / M.N.V Prasad / P. Venkatachalam / D. Rakshit
  • 18.1. Introduction / P. Beckett / G. Spiers / S. Koptsik / G. Koptsik
  • 18.2. The Sudbury Experience / G. Koptsik / P. Beckett / G. Spiers / S. Koptsik
  • 18.3. The Kola Story / G. Koptsik / P. Beckett / G. Spiers / S. Koptsik
  • 18.4.Common Solutions / G. Koptsik / P. Beckett / G. Spiers / S. Koptsik
  • 18.5. Lessons to Be Learned / G. Koptsik / P. Beckett / G. Spiers / S. Koptsik
  • Acknowledgments / G. Koptsik / P. Beckett / G. Spiers / S. Koptsik
  • References / G. Koptsik / P. Beckett / G. Spiers / S. Koptsik
  • 19.1. Introduction / R.K. Patel / M.K. Sahu
  • 19.2. Red Mud Chemistry / R.K. Patel / M.K. Sahu
  • 19.2.1. Red Mud Generation / R.K. Patel / M.K. Sahu
  • 19.2.2. Constituent of Red Mud / R.K. Patel / M.K. Sahu.
  • Note continued: 19.2.3. International Status of Red Mud Management / R.K. Patel / M.K. Sahu
  • 19.2.4. Current Status of Red Mud Management in India / R.K. Patel / M.K. Sahu
  • 19.2.5. Problem Related to Red Mud Management / R.K. Patel / M.K. Sahu
  • 19.3. Methods for the Use of Red Mud / R.K. Patel / M.K. Sahu
  • 19.3.1. Recovery of Valuable Elements From Red Mud / R.K. Patel / M.K. Sahu
  • 19.3.2. Use of Red Mud as Building Materials / R.K. Patel / M.K. Sahu
  • 19.3.3. Use of Red Mud as Pigment / R.K. Patel / M.K. Sahu
  • 19.3.4. Use of Red Mud as Filling Material / R.K. Patel / M.K. Sahu
  • 19.3.5. Use of Red Mud in Wastewater Treatment / R.K. Patel / M.K. Sahu
  • 19.3.6. Use of Red Mud to Adsorb and Purify Toxic Waste Gases / R.K. Patel / M.K. Sahu
  • 19.3.7. Use of Red Mud as Catalyst / R.K. Patel / M.K. Sahu
  • 19.4. Conclusion / R.K. Patel / M.K. Sahu
  • Abbreviations / R.K. Patel / M.K. Sahu
  • Acknowledgments / R.K. Patel / M.K. Sahu.
  • Note continued: References / R.K. Patel / M.K. Sahu
  • 20.1. Introduction / C.Z. Liao / K. Shih
  • 20.2. Characterization of Red Mud / K. Shih / C.Z. Liao
  • 20.2.1. Generation of Red Mud / K. Shih / C.Z. Liao
  • 20.2.2. Chemical and Phase Compositions of Red Mud / C.Z. Liao / K. Shih
  • 20.3. Thermal Analysis / K. Shih / C.Z. Liao
  • 20.3.1. Analysis of Thermogravimetry, Derivative Thermogravimetry, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, and Differential Thermal Analysis / K. Shih / C.Z. Liao
  • 20.3.2. Thermally Phase Transformations and Processes / K. Shih / C.Z. Liao
  • 20.4. Thermally Immobilizing Hazardous Metals / K. Shih / C.Z. Liao
  • 20.5. Making Glass-Ceramic / K. Shih / C.Z. Liao
  • 20.6. Future Research / K. Shih / C.Z. Liao
  • Acknowledgments / K. Shih / C.Z. Liao
  • References / K. Shih / C.Z. Liao
  • 21.1. Introduction / I. Bibi / J. Icenhower / S. Bashir / T. Naz / M. Shahid / N.K. Niazi.
  • Note continued: 21.2. Types, Structure, Classification, and Characteristics of Clay Minerals / I. Bibi / J. Icenhower / S. Bashir / T. Naz / M. Shahid / N.K. Niazi
  • 21.2.1. Clay Minerals: Structure and Chemistry / I. Bibi / J. Icenhower / S. Bashir / T. Naz / M. Shahid / N.K. Niazi
  • 21.3. Clay Minerals and Environmental Applications / I. Bibi / J. Icenhower / S. Bashir / T. Naz / M. Shahid / N.K. Niazi
  • 21.3.1. Clay Minerals as Sorbents for Toxic Gaseous Contaminants / I. Bibi / J. Icenhower / S. Bashir / T. Naz / M. Shahid / N.K. Niazi
  • 21.3.2. Clay Minerals for Immobilization of Environmental Contaminants / I. Bibi / J. Icenhower / S. Bashir / T. Naz / M. Shahid / N.K. Niazi
  • 21.4. Sorption of Organic Contaminants / S. Bashir / I. Bibi / M. Shahid / N.K. Niazi / T. Naz / J. Icenhower
  • 21.4.1. Sorption of Dyes, Antibiotics, and Other Organic Contaminants / I. Bibi / J. Icenhower / S. Bashir / T. Naz / M. Shahid / N.K. Niazi.
  • Note continued: 21.5. Heavy Metal and Metalloid Interactions With Clay Minerals Under Natural and Engineered Environmental Conditions / I. Bibi / J. Icenhower / S. Bashir / T. Naz / M. Shahid / N.K. Niazi
  • 21.6. Clay Minerals and CO2 Sequestration / I. Bibi / J. Icenhower / S. Bashir / T. Naz / M. Shahid / N.K. Niazi
  • 21.7. Clay Mineral Weathering and Metal Cation Leaching in the Soil and Sediment Environments / I. Bibi / J. Icenhower / S. Bashir / T. Naz / M. Shahid / N.K. Niazi
  • 21.8. Summary and Conclusions / I. Bibi / J. Icenhower / S. Bashir / T. Naz / M. Shahid / N.K. Niazi
  • Acknowledgments / I. Bibi / J. Icenhower / S. Bashir / T. Naz / M. Shahid / N.K. Niazi
  • References / I. Bibi / J. Icenhower / S. Bashir / T. Naz / M. Shahid / N.K. Niazi
  • 22.1. Introduction / S. Chowdhury / N. Khan / N.S. Bolan / J. Harris / P. Longhurst / G.H. Kim
  • 22.2. Properties of Natural Zeolite / S. Chowdhury / N. Khan / N.S. Bolan / J. Harris / P. Longhurst / G.H. Kim.
  • Note continued: 22.3. Modification of Natural Zeolite / S. Chowdhury / N. Khan / N.S. Bolan / J. Harris / P. Longhurst / G.H. Kim
  • 22.3.1. Acid-Base Treatment / J. Harris / P. Longhurst / G.H. Kim / S. Chowdhury / N. Khan / N.S. Bolan
  • 22.3.2. Inorganic Salt or Surfactant Modification / S. Chowdhury / N. Khan / N.S. Bolan / J. Harris / P. Longhurst / G.H. Kim
  • 22.4. Application of Zeolite in Wastewater Treatment / S. Chowdhury / N. Khan / N.S. Bolan / J. Harris / P. Longhurst / G.H. Kim
  • 22.4.1. Nutrients / S. Chowdhury / N. Khan / N.S. Bolan / J. Harris / P. Longhurst / G.H. Kim
  • 22.4.2. Heavy Metals / S. Chowdhury / N. Khan / N.S. Bolan / J. Harris / P. Longhurst / G.H. Kim
  • 22.4.3.Organic Contaminants / S. Chowdhury / N. Khan / N.S. Bolan / J. Harris / P. Longhurst / G.H. Kim
  • 22.5. Biomass Production / S. Chowdhury / N. Khan / N.S. Bolan / J. Harris / P. Longhurst / G.H. Kim.
  • Note continued: 22.6. Revegetation Potential of Nutrient-Enriched Zeolite / S. Chowdhury / N. Khan / N.S. Bolan / J. Harris / P. Longhurst / G.H. Kim
  • 22.7. Conclusions / S. Chowdhury / N. Khan / N.S. Bolan / J. Harris / P. Longhurst / G.H. Kim
  • Acknowledgment / S. Chowdhury / N. Khan / N.S. Bolan / J. Harris / P. Longhurst / G.H. Kim
  • References / S. Chowdhury / N. Khan / N.S. Bolan / J. Harris / P. Longhurst / G.H. Kim
  • 23.1. Introduction / N.S. Dionisiou / T. Matsi
  • 23.2. Structure, Properties, and Sources of Natural Zeolite / T. Matsi / N.S. Dionisiou
  • 23.3. Applications of Natural Zeolite for Environmental Purposes / T. Matsi / N.S. Dionisiou
  • 23.4. Surface Modification of Natural Zeolite / T. Matsi / N.S. Dionisiou
  • 23.5. Applications of Surfactant-Modified Zeolite for Environmental Purposes / T. Matsi / N.S. Dionisiou
  • 23.5.1. Removal of Inorganic Anionic Pollutants / T. Matsi / N.S. Dionisiou.
  • Note continued: 23.5.2. Removal of Inorganic Cationic Pollutants / T. Matsi / N.S. Dionisiou
  • 23.5.3. Removal of Organic Pollutants / N.S. Dionisiou / T. Matsi
  • 23.6. Conclusions / T. Matsi / N.S. Dionisiou
  • References / T. Matsi / N.S. Dionisiou
  • 24.1. Introduction / T. Astrup / A. Muntoni / A. Van Zomeren / R. Pomi / T. Van Gerven / A. Polettini
  • 24.2. Bottom Ash Characteristics / T. Astrup / A. Muntoni / A. Van Zomeren / R. Pomi / T. Van Gerven / A. Polettini
  • 24.2.1. Physical Characteristics / T. Astrup / A. Muntoni / A. Van Zomeren / R. Pomi / T. Van Gerven / A. Polettini
  • 24.2.2. Chemical Characteristics / T. Astrup / A. Muntoni / A. Van Zomeren / R. Pomi / T. Van Gerven / A. Polettini
  • 24.3. Bottom Ash Processing / T. Astrup / A. Muntoni / A. Van Zomeren / R. Pomi / T. Van Gerven / A. Polettini
  • 24.3.1. Extraction and Separation / T. Astrup / A. Muntoni / A. Van Zomeren / R. Pomi / T. Van Gerven / A. Polettini.
  • Note continued: 24.3.2. Chemical Processes / A. Van Zomeren / T. Astrup / T. Van Gerven / A. Polettini / R. Pomi / A. Muntoni
  • 24.3.3. Thermal Processes / T. Astrup / A. Muntoni / A. Van Zomeren / R. Pomi / T. Van Gerven / A. Polettini
  • 24.3.4. Utilization Options / T. Astrup / A. Muntoni / A. Van Zomeren / R. Pomi / T. Van Gerven / A. Polettini
  • 24.4. Conclusions and Recommendations / T. Astrup / A. Muntoni / A. Van Zomeren / R. Pomi / T. Van Gerven / A. Polettini
  • References / T. Astrup / A. Muntoni / A. Van Zomeren / R. Pomi / T. Van Gerven / A. Polettini
  • 25.1. Introduction / E. Evangelou / C.D. Tsadilas
  • 25.2. Coal Fly Ash / E. Evangelou / C.D. Tsadilas
  • 25.3. Coal Fly Ash Characteristics / E. Evangelou / C.D. Tsadilas
  • 25.4. Elemental Composition of Coal Fly Ash / E. Evangelou / C.D. Tsadilas
  • 25.5. Boron / E. Evangelou / C.D. Tsadilas
  • 25.6. Importance of Boron for Life on Earth / E. Evangelou / C.D. Tsadilas.
  • Note continued: 25.7. Importance of Boron for Plants / E. Evangelou / C.D. Tsadilas
  • 25.8. Importance of Boron for Animals / E. Evangelou / C.D. Tsadilas
  • 25.9. Boron in the Environment / E. Evangelou / C.D. Tsadilas
  • 25.9.1. Boron Sources / E. Evangelou / C.D. Tsadilas
  • 25.9.2. Boron in Soils / E. Evangelou / C.D. Tsadilas
  • 25.9.3. Boron in Water / E. Evangelou / C.D. Tsadilas
  • 25.10. Boron in Coal Fly Ash / E. Evangelou / C.D. Tsadilas
  • 25.11. Boron Forms in Coal Fly Ash / E. Evangelou / C.D. Tsadilas
  • 25.12. Use of Coal Fly Ash With Respect to Boron / E. Evangelou / C.D. Tsadilas
  • 25.12.1. As Soil Ameliorant to Improve Soil Fertility / E. Evangelou / C.D. Tsadilas
  • 25.13. Use of Coal Fly Ash for Boron Removal From Water and Wastewater / E. Evangelou / C.D. Tsadilas
  • 25.14. Conclusions / E. Evangelou / C.D. Tsadilas
  • References / E. Evangelou / C.D. Tsadilas
  • 26.1. Introduction / K. Shih / H. Yan.
  • Note continued: 26.2. Characteristics of Struvite-Type Compounds / H. Yan / K. Shih
  • 26.2.1. Chemical and Physical Properties / H. Yan / K. Shih
  • 26.2.2. Crystallographic Properties by X-ray Diffraction Analysis / H. Yan / K. Shih
  • 26.2.3. Thermal Analysis of Struvite-Type Compounds / H. Yan / K. Shih
  • 26.3. Key Factors Influencing Struvite Crystallization / H. Yan / K. Shih
  • 26.3.1. Supersaturation and Molar Ratio / H. Yan / K. Shih
  • 26.3.2.pH / H. Yan / K. Shih
  • 26.3.3. Temperature / H. Yan / K. Shih
  • 26.3.4. Coexisting Foreign Ions / H. Yan / K. Shih
  • 26.4. Quantification of Struvite in Precipitates / H. Yan / K. Shih
  • 26.5.K-Struvite Production Techniques / H. Yan / K. Shih
  • 26.5.1. Recover K-Struvite From Urine / H. Yan / K. Shih
  • 26.5.2. Recovery of K-Struvite From Other Sources / K. Shih / H. Yan
  • 26.5.3. Mechanochemical Route for Preparing K-Struvite / H. Yan / K. Shih
  • 26.6. Challenges and Future Prospects / H. Yan / K. Shih.
  • Note continued: 26.6.1. Heavy Metal Contamination Problems in Struvite Crystallization / H. Yan / K. Shih
  • 26.6.2. Fertilizer Prospects / H. Yan / K. Shih
  • 26.6.3. Economic Considerations / H. Yan / K. Shih
  • 26.7. Summary / H. Yan / K. Shih
  • Acknowledgments / H. Yan / K. Shih
  • References / H. Yan / K. Shih
  • 27.1. Introduction / R. Karunanithi / A. Szogi / N.S. Bolan / B. Seshadri / Y.S. Ok / S. Krishnamurthy / R. Naidu
  • 27.2. Importance of Phosphorus / R. Karunanithi / A. Szogi / N.S. Bolan / B. Seshadri / Y.S. Ok / S. Krishnamurthy / R. Naidu
  • 27.3. Source of Phosphorus in the Environment / R. Karunanithi / A. Szogi / N.S. Bolan / B. Seshadri / Y.S. Ok / S. Krishnamurthy / R. Naidu
  • 27.4. Negative Impact of Phosphorus on the Environment / R. Karunanithi / A. Szogi / N.S. Bolan / B. Seshadri / Y.S. Ok / S. Krishnamurthy / R. Naidu.
  • Note continued: 27.5. Wastes as a Phosphorus Source / R. Karunanithi / A. Szogi / N.S. Bolan / B. Seshadri / Y.S. Ok / S. Krishnamurthy / R. Naidu
  • 27.5.1. Animal Manures / R. Karunanithi / A. Szogi / N.S. Bolan / B. Seshadri / Y.S. Ok / S. Krishnamurthy / R. Naidu
  • 27.5.2. Agricultural Effluents / R. Karunanithi / A. Szogi / N.S. Bolan / B. Seshadri / Y.S. Ok / S. Krishnamurthy / R. Naidu
  • 27.5.3. Industrial Effluents / R. Karunanithi / A. Szogi / N.S. Bolan / B. Seshadri / Y.S. Ok / S. Krishnamurthy / R. Naidu
  • 27.5.4. Municipal Wastewater / R. Karunanithi / A. Szogi / N.S. Bolan / B. Seshadri / Y.S. Ok / S. Krishnamurthy / R. Naidu
  • 27.5.5. Biosolids / R. Karunanithi / A. Szogi / N.S. Bolan / B. Seshadri / Y.S. Ok / S. Krishnamurthy / R. Naidu
  • 27.6. Methods of Recovering Phosphorous From Wastes / R. Karunanithi / A. Szogi / N.S. Bolan / B. Seshadri / Y.S. Ok / S. Krishnamurthy / R. Naidu.
  • Note continued: 27.6.1. Enhanced Bioprocess Phosphorus Removal / R. Karunanithi / A. Szogi / N.S. Bolan / B. Seshadri / Y.S. Ok / S. Krishnamurthy / R. Naidu
  • 27.6.2. Precipitation / A. Szogi / N.S. Bolan / R. Naidu / R. Karunanithi / S. Krishnamurthy / B. Seshadri / Y.S. Ok
  • 27.6.3. Recovery of Phosphorus as Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate (Struvite) / R. Karunanithi / A. Szogi / N.S. Bolan / B. Seshadri / Y.S. Ok / S. Krishnamurthy / R. Naidu
  • 27.6.4. Struvite Recovery From Effluent / R. Karunanithi / A. Szogi / N.S. Bolan / B. Seshadri / Y.S. Ok / S. Krishnamurthy / R. Naidu
  • 27.6.5. Recovery of Phosphate as Calcium Phosphate / R. Karunanithi / A. Szogi / N.S. Bolan / B. Seshadri / Y.S. Ok / S. Krishnamurthy / R. Naidu
  • 27.6.6. Calcium Phosphate Recovery From Effluents / R. Karunanithi / A. Szogi / N.S. Bolan / B. Seshadri / Y.S. Ok / S. Krishnamurthy / R. Naidu.

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