Urban drainage /

Urban drainage / David Butler, Christopher Digman, Christos Makropoulos, John W. Davies.

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This new edition of a well-established textbook covers the environmental and engineering aspects of the management of rainwater and wastewater in areas of human development. Urban Drainage deals comprehensively not only with the design of new systems, but also the analysis and upgrading of existing...

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Bibliographic Details
Online Access: Full Text (via ProQuest)
Main Authors: Butler, David, 1959- (Author), Digman, Chris (Author), Makropoulos, Christos (Author), Davies, John W. (Author)
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, [2018]
Edition:Fourth edition.
Subjects:
Urban runoff.
Table of Contents:
  • Introduction
  • Water quality
  • Wastewater
  • Rainfall
  • Stormwater
  • System components and layout
  • Hydraulics
  • Hydraulic features
  • Foul sewers
  • Storm sewers
  • Flooding
  • Combined sewers and combined sewer overflows
  • Storage
  • Pumped systems
  • Structural design and construction
  • Sediments
  • Operation and maintenance
  • Rehabilitation
  • Innovations in modelling
  • Stormwater management (SuDS)
  • Smart systems
  • Global issues
  • Towards sustainable urban water management.
  • Cover
  • Half Title
  • Title Page
  • Copyright Page
  • Contents
  • Readership
  • Acknowledgements
  • Notation
  • Abbreviations
  • Authors
  • 1. Introduction
  • 1.1 What is urban drainage-- 1.2 Effects of urbanisation
  • 1.3 Urban drainage priorities
  • 1.3.1 Public health
  • 1.3.2 Minimising adverse impacts
  • 1.4 History
  • 1.4.1 Ancient civilisations
  • 1.4.2 Ancient to modern
  • 1.4.3 London
  • 1.5 Geography
  • 1.6 Types of system
  • 1.6.1 Combined systems
  • 1.6.2 Separate systems
  • 1.6.3 Hybrid and partially separate systems
  • 1.6.4 Non-pipe systems
  • 1.7 Urban water system
  • 1.8 Changing context
  • Problems
  • Key source
  • References
  • 2. Water quality
  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2 Basics
  • 2.2.1 Strength
  • 2.2.2 Equivalent concentrations
  • 2.3 Parameters
  • 2.3.1 Sampling and analysis
  • 2.3.2 Solids
  • 2.3.2.1 Gross solids
  • 2.3.2.2 Grit
  • 2.3.2.3 Suspended solids
  • 2.3.2.4 Volatile solids
  • 2.3.3 Oxygen
  • 2.3.3.1 Dissolved oxygen
  • 2.3.4 Organic compounds
  • 2.3.4.1 Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5)
  • 2.3.4.2 Chemical oxygen demand (COD)
  • 2.3.4.3 Total organic carbon (TOC)
  • 2.3.5 Nitrogen
  • 2.3.5.1 Organic nitrogen (org.N)
  • 2.3.5.2 Ammonia nitrogen (NH3â℗ђ℗أN)
  • 2.3.5.3 Nitrite and nitrate nitrogen (NO2 â℗ђ℗أN, NO3 â℗ђ℗أN)
  • 2.3.6 Phosphorus
  • 2.3.7 Sulphur
  • 2.3.8 Hydrocarbons
  • 2.3.9 FOG
  • 2.3.10 Heavy metals and synthetic compounds
  • 2.3.11 Micro-organisms
  • 2.3.12 Priority substances
  • 2.4 Processes
  • 2.4.1 Hydrolysis
  • 2.4.2 Aerobic degradation
  • 2.4.2.1 Nitrification
  • 2.4.3 Denitrification
  • 2.4.4 Anaerobic degradation
  • 2.5 Receiving water impacts
  • 2.5.1 Emissions
  • 2.5.2 Processes
  • 2.5.3 Impacts
  • 2.5.3.1 DO depletion
  • 2.5.3.2 Eutrophication
  • 2.5.3.3 Toxics
  • 2.5.3.4 Public health
  • 2.5.3.5 Aesthetics
  • 2.6 Receiving water standards
  • 2.6.1 Legislation and regulatory regime.
  • 4.5.1.1 Annual time series
  • 4.5.2 Synthetic time series
  • 4.5.2.1 Synthetic series
  • 4.5.2.2 Stochastic rainfall generation
  • 4.5.2.3 Stochastic disaggregation models
  • 4.6 Climate change
  • 4.6.1 Causes
  • 4.6.2 Future trends
  • 4.6.3 Design rainfall under climate change
  • 4.6.4 Implications
  • 4.6.5 Solutions
  • Problems
  • Key sources
  • References
  • 5. Stormwater
  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 Runoff generation
  • 5.2.1 Initial losses
  • 5.2.1.1 Interception and wetting losses
  • 5.2.1.2 Depression storage
  • 5.2.1.3 Representation
  • 5.2.2 Continuing losses
  • 5.2.2.1 Evapo-transpiration
  • 5.2.2.2 Infiltration
  • 5.2.2.3 Representation
  • 5.2.3 Fixed runoff equation
  • 5.2.3.1 PIMP
  • 5.2.3.2 SOIL
  • 5.2.3.3 UCWI
  • 5.2.3.4 Limitations
  • 5.2.4 Variable runoff equation
  • 5.2.4.1 Impervious area runoff
  • 5.2.4.2 Pervious area runoff
  • 5.2.5 UK Water Industry Research runoff equation
  • 5.3 Overland flow
  • 5.3.1 Unit hydrographs
  • 5.3.2 Synthetic unit hydrographs
  • 5.3.3 Timeâ℗ђ℗أarea diagrams
  • 5.3.4 Reservoir models
  • 5.3.5 Kinematic wave
  • 5.4 Stormwater quality
  • 5.4.1 Pollutant sources
  • 5.4.1.1 Atmospheric pollution
  • 5.4.1.2 Vehicles
  • 5.4.1.3 Buildings and roads
  • 5.4.1.4 Animals
  • 5.4.1.5 De-icing
  • 5.4.1.6 Urban debris
  • 5.4.1.7 Spills/leaks
  • 5.4.2 Surface pollutants
  • 5.4.3 Pollutant levels
  • 5.4.4 Representation
  • 5.4.4.1 Event mean concentrations
  • 5.4.4.2 Regression equations
  • 5.4.4.3 Buildup
  • 5.4.4.4 Washoff
  • 5.4.5 Sewer misconnections
  • Problems
  • Key sources
  • References
  • 6. System components and layout
  • 6.1 Introduction
  • 6.2 Building drainage
  • 6.2.1 Soil and waste drainage
  • 6.2.1.1 Inside
  • 6.2.1.2 Outside
  • 6.2.1.3 Components
  • 6.2.1.4 Layout
  • 6.2.2 Roof drainage
  • 6.3 System components
  • 6.3.1 Sewers
  • 6.3.1.1 Vertical alignment
  • 6.3.1.2 Horizontal alignment.
  • 2.6.1.1 Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive
  • 2.6.1.2 Bathing Water Directive
  • 2.6.1.3 Water Framework Directive
  • 2.6.1.4 Marine Strategy Framework Directive
  • 2.6.2 Permitting intermittent discharges
  • 2.6.3 Environmental quality standards
  • 2.6.3.1 Aquatic life standards
  • 2.6.3.2 Shellfish standards
  • 2.6.3.3 Bathing standards
  • 2.6.3.4 Amenity standards
  • 2.7 Urban Pollution Management (UPM)
  • Problems
  • Key sources
  • References
  • 3. Wastewater
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Domestic
  • 3.2.1 Water use
  • 3.2.1.1 Climate
  • 3.2.1.2 Demography
  • 3.2.1.3 Socio-economic factors
  • 3.2.1.4 Development type
  • 3.2.1.5 Extent of metering and water conservation measures
  • 3.2.1.6 Quantification
  • 3.2.2 Waterâ℗ђ℗أwastewater relationship
  • 3.2.3 Temporal variability
  • 3.2.3.1 Long term
  • 3.2.3.2 Annual
  • 3.2.3.3 Weekly
  • 3.2.3.4 Diurnal
  • 3.2.4 Appliances
  • 3.3 Non-domestic
  • 3.3.1 Commercial
  • 3.3.2 Industrial
  • 3.4 Infiltration and inflow
  • 3.4.1 Problems
  • 3.4.2 Quantification
  • 3.4.3 Exfiltration
  • 3.5 Wastewater quality
  • 3.5.1 Pollutant sources
  • 3.5.1.1 Human excreta
  • 3.5.1.2 Toilet/WC
  • 3.5.1.3 Food
  • 3.5.1.4 Washing/laundry
  • 3.5.1.5 Industry
  • 3.5.1.6 Carriage water and groundwater
  • 3.5.2 Pollutant levels
  • Problems
  • Key sources
  • References
  • 4. Rainfall
  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.2 Measurement
  • 4.2.1 Rain gauges
  • 4.2.1.1 Siting
  • 4.2.2 Radar
  • 4.2.3 Satellites
  • 4.2.4 Data requirements
  • 4.3 Analysis
  • 4.3.1 Basics
  • 4.3.2 IDF relationships
  • 4.3.2.1 Definition
  • 4.3.2.2 Derivation
  • 4.3.2.3 IDFs in practice
  • 4.3.3 Wallingford Procedure
  • 4.3.4 Areal extent
  • 4.3.5 Flood Estimation Handbook
  • 4.4 Single events
  • 4.4.1 Synthetic design storms
  • 4.4.2 Historical single events
  • 4.4.3 Critical input hyetograph (Superstorm)
  • 4.5 Multiple events
  • 4.5.1 Historical time series.
  • 6.3.2 Manholes
  • 6.3.3 Gully inlets
  • 6.3.4 Ventilation
  • 6.4 Design
  • 6.4.1 Stages
  • 6.4.2 Sewers for adoption
  • Problems
  • Key sources
  • References
  • 7. Hydraulics
  • 7.1 Introduction
  • 7.2 Basic principles
  • 7.2.1 Pressure
  • 7.2.2 Continuity of flow
  • 7.2.3 Flow classification
  • 7.2.4 Laminar and turbulent flow
  • 7.2.5 Energy and head
  • 7.3 Pipe flow
  • 7.3.1 Head (energy) losses
  • 7.3.2 Friction losses
  • 7.3.3 Friction factor
  • 7.3.4 Wallingford charts and tables
  • 7.3.4.1 Charts
  • 7.3.4.2 Tables
  • 7.3.5 Approximate equations
  • 7.3.6 Roughness
  • 7.3.7 Local losses
  • 7.4 Part-full pipe flow
  • 7.4.1 Normal depth
  • 7.4.2 Geometric and hydraulic elements
  • 7.4.3 Butler-Pinkerton charts
  • 7.4.4 Non-circular sections
  • 7.4.5 Surcharge
  • 7.4.6 Velocity profiles
  • 7.4.7 Minimum velocity
  • 7.4.8 Minimum shear stress
  • 7.4.9 Maximum velocity
  • 7.5 Open-channel flow
  • 7.5.1 Uniform flow
  • 7.5.1.1 Manningâ℗ђ℗ةs equation
  • 7.5.2 Nonuniform flow
  • 7.5.3 Specific energy
  • 7.5.4 Critical, subcritical, and supercritical flow
  • 7.5.5 Gradually varied flow
  • 7.5.6 Rapidly varied flow
  • Problems
  • Key source
  • References
  • 8. Hydraulic features
  • 8.1 Flow controls
  • 8.1.1 Orifice plate
  • 8.1.2 Penstock
  • 8.1.3 Vortex regulator
  • 8.1.4 Throttle pipe
  • 8.1.5 Flap valve
  • 8.1.6 Summary of characteristics of flow control devices
  • 8.2 Weirs
  • 8.2.1 Transverse weirs
  • 8.2.2 Side weirs
  • 8.3 Sewer drops
  • 8.3.1 Vortex drop shafts
  • 8.3.2 Other sewer drop arrangements
  • 8.4 Inverted siphons
  • 8.5 Gully spacing
  • 8.5.1 Road channel flow
  • 8.5.2 Gully hydraulic efficiency
  • 8.5.3 Spacing
  • 8.5.3.1 Intermediate gullies
  • 8.5.3.2 Initial gullies
  • 8.5.3.3 Potential optimisation
  • 8.6 Culverts
  • 8.6.1 Culverts in urban drainage
  • 8.6.2 Flow cases
  • Problems
  • References
  • 9. Foul sewers
  • 9.1 Introduction.

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