Karl Polanyi
![Polanyi, {{circa|1918}}](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Pol%C3%A1nyi_K%C3%A1roly.jpg)
In his writings, Polanyi advances the concept of the Double Movement, which refers to the dialectical process of marketization and push for social protection against that marketization. He argues that market-based societies in modern Europe were not inevitable but historically contingent. Polanyi is remembered best as the originator of substantivism, a cultural version of economics, which emphasizes the way economies are embedded in society and culture. This opinion is counter to mainstream economics but is popular in anthropology, economic history, economic sociology and political science.
Polanyi's approach to the ancient economies has been applied to a variety of cases, such as Pre-Columbian America and ancient Mesopotamia, although its utility to the study of ancient societies in general has been questioned. Polanyi's ''The Great Transformation'' became a model for historical sociology. His theories eventually became the foundation for the economic democracy movement.
Polanyi was active in politics, and helped found the National Citizens' Radical Party in 1914, serving as its secretary. He fled Hungary for Vienna in 1919 when the right-wing authoritarian regime of Admiral Horthy seized power. He fled Vienna for London in 1933 when Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany and fascism was on the ascendancy in Austria. After years of unsuccessfully seeking employment at universities in the United Kingdom, he moved to the United States in 1940 where he joined the faculty at Bennington College and later taught at Columbia University. Provided by Wikipedia
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1
Dahomey and the slave trade : an analysis of an archaic economy / by Polanyi, Karl, 1886-1964
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Trade and market in the early empires : economies in history and theory / by Polanyi, Karl, 1886-1964
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The livelihood of man / by Polanyi, Karl, 1886-1964
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The great transformation / by Polanyi, Karl, 1886-1964
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Karl Polanyi : the Hungarian writings / by Polanyi, Karl, 1886-1964
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Karl Polanyi : the Hungarian writings / by Polanyi, Karl, 1886-1964
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For a new West : essays, 1919-1958 / by Polanyi, Karl, 1886-1964
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Economy and society : selected writings / by Polanyi, Karl, 1886-1964
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Primitive, archaic, and modern economies : essays of Karl Polanyi / by Polanyi, Karl, 1886-1964
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The great transformation / by Polanyi, Karl, 1886-1964
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Essays in economic anthropology. : Dedicated to the memory of Karl Polanyi. /
Published 1965Other Authors: “…Polanyi, Karl, 1886-1964…”
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Christianity and the social revolution / by Lewis, John, 1889-1976
Published 1936Other Authors: “…Polanyi, Karl, 1886-1964…”
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