Poland
Poland, }} officially the Republic of Poland, , }} is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukraine to the east, Slovakia and the Czech Republic to the south, and Germany to the west. The territory is characterised by a varied landscape, diverse ecosystems, and temperate transitional climate. Poland is composed of sixteen voivodeships and is the fifth most populous member state of the European Union (EU), with over 38 million people, and the fifth largest EU country by land area, covering a combined area of . The capital and largest city is Warsaw; other major cities include Kraków, Wrocław, Łódź, Poznań, and Gdańsk.Prehistoric human activity on Polish soil dates to the Lower Paleolithic, with continuous settlement since the end of the Last Glacial Period. Culturally diverse throughout late antiquity, in the early medieval period the region became inhabited by the West Slavic tribal Polans, who gave Poland its name. The process of establishing statehood coincided with the conversion of a pagan ruler of the Polans to Christianity, under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Church in 966. The Kingdom of Poland emerged in 1025, and in 1569 cemented its long-standing association with Lithuania, thus forming the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. At the time, the Commonwealth was one of the great powers of Europe, with an elective monarchy and a uniquely liberal political system, which adopted Europe's first modern constitution in 1791.
With the passing of the prosperous Polish Golden Age, the country was partitioned by neighbouring states at the end of the 18th century. Poland regained its independence at the end of World War I in 1918 with the creation of the Second Polish Republic, which emerged victorious in various conflicts of the interbellum period. In September 1939, the invasion of Poland by Germany and the Soviet Union marked the beginning of World War II, which resulted in the Holocaust and millions of Polish casualties. Forced into the Eastern Bloc in the global Cold War, the Polish People's Republic was a founding signatory of the Warsaw Pact. Through the emergence and contributions of the Solidarity movement, the communist government was dissolved and Poland re-established itself as a democratic state in 1989, as the first of its neighbors.
Poland is a unitary parliamentary republic with its bicameral legislature comprising the Sejm and the Senate. Considered a middle power, it is a developed market and high-income economy that is the sixth largest in the EU by nominal GDP and the fifth largest by GDP (PPP). Poland enjoys a very high standard of living, safety, and economic freedom, as well as free university education and universal health care. The country has 17 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, 15 of which are cultural. Poland is a founding member state of the United Nations and a member of the World Trade Organization, OECD, NATO, and the European Union (including the Schengen Area). Provided by Wikipedia
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1
Intimacy and Separateness in Psychoanalysis / by Poland, Warren S.
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Haters : Harassment, Abuse, and Violence Online. by Poland, Bailey
Published 2014Call Number: Loading…Full Text (via ProQuest)
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The off, off Broadway book : the plays, people, theatre / by Poland, Albert
Published 1972Call Number: Loading…
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BSAVA Manual of Backyard Poultry Medicine and Surgery. by Poland, Guy
Published 2019Call Number: Loading…Full Text (via ProQuest)
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Melting the darkness : the dyad and principles of clinical practice / by Poland, Warren S.
Published 1996Call Number: Loading…
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Cooperative Development of the Digital Library Identifying and Working with Potential Partners / by Poland, Jean
Published 2000Call Number: Loading…Full Text (via ERIC)
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Current Assessment and Decision-Making Practices in School Settings as Reported by Directors of Special Education by Poland, Stephen
Published 1979Call Number: Loading…Request ERIC Document
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Theory of helix-coil transitions in biopolymers : statistical mechanical theory of order-disorder transitions in biological macromolecules / by Poland, Douglas
Published 1970Call Number: Loading…
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Practical, tactical, and legal perspectives of terrorism and hostage-taking / by Poland, James M.
Published 1999Call Number: Loading…
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Emperors in the jungle the hidden history of the U.S. in Panama / by Lindsay-Poland, John
Published 2003Call Number: Loading…Full Text (via Duke)
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The friars in Sussex, 1228-1928 / by Poland, E. B.
Published 1928Call Number: Loading…
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Corrected optical pyrometer readings / by Poland, D. E.
Published 1961Other Authors:Call Number: Loading…Online Access
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Lufkin Industries, inc.: unique in the South / by Poland, Robert L.
Published 1972Call Number: Loading…
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Recruitment and Retention of Substance-Using Pregnant and Parenting Women Lessons Learned / by Laken, Marilyn Poland
Published 1995Call Number: Loading…Full Text (via ERIC)
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Emperors in the jungle : the hidden history of the U.S. in Panama / by Lindsay-Poland, John
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The Colorado papers on musical analysis and musical behavior / by Poland, Bernard William
Published 1971Call Number: Loading…
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Physicalism : the philosophical foundations / by Poland, Jeffrey Stephen
Published 1994Call Number: Loading…
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Emperors in the jungle : the hidden history of the U.S. in Panama / by Lindsay-Poland, John
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Corrected optical pyrometer readings / by Poland, D. E.
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Selective guide to literature on applied optics / by Poland, Jean A.
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