John T. Morgan
John Tyler Morgan (June 20, 1824 – June 11, 1907) was an American politician who was a brigadier general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War and later was elected for six terms as the U.S. Senator (1877–1907) from the state of Alabama. A prominent slaveholder before the Civil War, he became the second Grand Dragon of the Ku Klux Klan in Alabama during the Reconstruction era. Morgan and fellow Klan member Edmund W. Pettus became the ringleaders of white supremacy in Alabama and did more than anyone else in the state to overthrow Reconstruction efforts in the wake of the Civil War. When President Ulysses S. Grant dispatched U.S. Attorney General Amos Akerman to prosecute the Klan under the Enforcement Acts, Morgan was arrested and jailed.Due to his notoriety in Alabama for opposing Reconstruction efforts, Morgan was elected as a U.S. Senator in 1876. During his subsequent six terms as Senator, he was an outspoken proponent of black disfranchisement, racial segregation, and lynching African-Americans. According to historians, he played a leading role "in forging the ideology of white supremacy that dominated American race relations from the 1890s to the 1960s." Widely considered to be among the most notorious racist ideologues of his time, he is often credited by scholars with laying the foundation of the Jim Crow era.
In addition to his lifelong efforts to uphold white supremacy, Morgan became an ardent expansionist and imperialist during the Gilded Age. He envisioned the United States as a globe-spanning empire and believed that island nations such as Hawaii and the Philippines should be forcibly annexed in order for the country to dominate trade in the Pacific Ocean. Accordingly, he advocated for the United States to annex the independent Republic of Hawaii and to construct an inter-oceanic canal in Central America. Due to this advocacy, he was often posthumously referred to as "the Father of the Panama Canal" despite being a proponent of the Canal to be located in Nicaragua. Morgan was a staunch opponent of women's suffrage.
After his death by heart attack in 1907, Morgan's numerous relatives remained influential in Alabama politics and high society for many decades. His extended family owned the First White House of the Confederacy in Montgomery. His nephew and protege, Anthony Dickinson Sayre, was President of the Alabama State Senate and later an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Alabama. Sayre played a pivotal role in passing the landmark 1893 Sayre Act which disenfranchised black Alabamians for seventy years and ushered in the Jim Crow period in the state. Morgan's grand-niece was Jazz Age socialite Zelda Sayre, the wife of novelist F. Scott Fitzgerald. Provided by Wikipedia
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Opinions of Senator Morgan at the conference in Paris of the Bering Sea Tribunal of Arbitration constituted by the treaty, of February 29, 1892, between Her Britannic Majesty and t... by Morgan, John Tyler, 1824-1907
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Opinions of Senator Morgan at the conference in Paris of the Bering Sea Tribunal of Arbitration constituted by the treaty of February 29, 1892, between Her Britannic Majesty and th... by Morgan, John Tyler, 1824-1907
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In the Senate of the United States. March 31, 1892. -- Ordered to be printed. Mr. Morgan submitted the following resolution: Resolved, that the Committee on Finance is directed to...
Published 1892Other Authors: “…Morgan, John Tyler, 1824-1907…”
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Alleged conditions in Kongo Free State. Mr. Morgan presented the following papers relating to conditions alleged to exist in the Kongo Free State. April 12, 1906. -- Ordered to be...
Published 1906Other Authors: “…Morgan, John Tyler, 1824-1907…”
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Conditions in the Kongo State. January 17, 1905. -- Referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations and ordered to be printed
Published 1905Other Authors: “…Morgan, John Tyler, 1824-1907…”
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Conditions in the Kongo State. January 17, 1905. -- Referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations and ordered to be printed
Published 1905Other Authors: “…Morgan, John Tyler, 1824-1907…”
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In the Senate of the United States. April 11, 1892. -- Ordered to be printed. Mr. Morgan submitted the following resolutions: Resolved, that the President is requested, if it is no...
Published 1892Other Authors: “…Morgan, John Tyler, 1824-1907…”
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In the Senate of the United States. January 6, 1892. -- Ordered to be printed. Mr. Morgan submitted the following resolution: Resolved, that the Committee on Foreign Relations be,...
Published 1892Other Authors: “…Morgan, John Tyler, 1824-1907…”
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In the Senate of the United States. February 25, 1892. -- Ordered to be printed. Mr. Morgan, from the Committee on Indian Affairs, submitted the following report: (To accompany S....
Published 1892Other Authors: “…Morgan, John Tyler, 1824-1907…”
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In the Senate of the United States. March 22, 1892. -- Ordered to be printed. Mr. Morgan, from the Committee on Public Lands, submitted the following report: (To accompany S. 1696....
Published 1892Other Authors: “…Morgan, John Tyler, 1824-1907…”
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In the Senate of the United States. February 29, 1892. -- Ordered to be printed. Mr. Morgan, submitted the following resolution: Resolved by the Senate, That the Committee on Milit...
Published 1892Other Authors: “…Morgan, John Tyler, 1824-1907…”
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In the Senate of the United States. April 2, 1885. -- Ordered to be printed. Mr. Morgan submitted the following resolution: Resolved, that the Secretary of the Interior be, and he...
Published 1885Other Authors: “…Morgan, John Tyler, 1824-1907…”
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Hawaiian Islands report of the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, with accompanying testimony and executive documents transmitted to Congress from January 1, 189...
Published 1894Other Authors: “…Morgan, John Tyler, 1824-1907…”
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In the Senate of the United States. April 4, 1878. -- Ordered to be printed. Mr. Morgan, from the Committee on Patents, submitted the following report. (To accompany Bill S. 231.)...
Published 1878Other Authors: “…Morgan, John Tyler, 1824-1907…”
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In the Senate of the United States. May 6, 1880. -- Referred to the Select Committee To Take into Consideration the State of the Law Respecting the Ascertaining and Declaration of...
Published 1880Other Authors: “…Morgan, John Tyler, 1824-1907…”
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In the Senate of the United States. February 19, 1891. -- Ordered to be printed. Mr. Morgan, from the Committee on Indian Affairs, submitted the following report: (To accompany S....
Published 1891Other Authors: “…Morgan, John Tyler, 1824-1907…”
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In the Senate of the United States. January 9, 1879. -- Ordered to be printed. Mr. Morgan, from the Committee on Patents, submitted the following report. (To accompany Bill S. 522....
Published 1879Other Authors: “…Morgan, John Tyler, 1824-1907…”
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In the Senate of the United States. May 2, 1892. -- Ordered to be printed. Mr. Morgan, from the Committee on Indian Affairs, submitted the following report: (To accompany S. 3030.)...
Published 1892Other Authors: “…Morgan, John Tyler, 1824-1907…”
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Constitution of the Dominican Republic. Mr. Morgan presented the following Constitution of the Dominican Republic (promulgated June 12, 1896; put again in force May 21, 1903). Marc...
Published 1905Other Authors: “…Morgan, John Tyler, 1824-1907…”
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In the Senate of the United States. April 14, 1894. -- Ordered to be printed. Mr. Morgan, from the Committee of Foreign Relations, submitted the following report: (To accompany Bil...
Published 1894Other Authors: “…Morgan, John Tyler, 1824-1907…”
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