Quran
![Two folios of the [[Birmingham Quran manuscript]], an [[Early Quranic manuscripts|early manuscript]] written in [[Hijazi script]] likely dated within [[Muhammad]]'s lifetime between {{circa|568–645}}](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Birmingham_Quran_manuscript.jpg/150px-Birmingham_Quran_manuscript.jpg)
Muslims believe the Quran was orally revealed by God to the final Islamic prophet Muhammad through the angel Gabriel incrementally over a period of some 23 years, beginning on the Night of Power, when Muhammad was 40, and concluding in 632, the year of his death. Muslims regard the Quran as Muhammad's most important miracle, a proof of his prophethood, and the culmination of a series of divine messages starting with those revealed to the first Islamic prophet Adam, including the Islamic holy books of the Torah, Psalms, and Gospel.
The Quran is believed by Muslims to be God's own divine speech providing a complete code of conduct across all facets of life. This has led Muslim theologians to fiercely debate whether the Quran was "created or uncreated." According to tradition, several of Muhammad's companions served as scribes, recording the revelations. Shortly after Muhammad's death, the Quran was compiled on the order of the first caliph Abu Bakr () by the companions, who had written down or memorized parts of it. Caliph Uthman () established a standard version, now known as the Uthmanic codex, which is generally considered the archetype of the Quran known today. There are, however, variant readings, with mostly minor differences in meaning.
The Quran assumes the reader's familiarity with major narratives recounted in the Biblical and apocryphal texts. It summarizes some, dwells at length on others and, in some cases, presents alternative accounts and interpretations of events. The Quran describes itself as a book of guidance for humankind (). It sometimes offers detailed accounts of specific historical events, and it often emphasizes the moral significance of an event over its narrative sequence.
Supplementing the Quran with explanations for some cryptic Quranic narratives, and rulings that also provide the basis for Islamic law in most denominations of Islam, are hadiths—oral and written traditions believed to describe words and actions of Muhammad. During prayers, the Quran is recited only in Arabic. Someone who has memorized the entire Quran is called a . Ideally, verses are recited with a special kind of prosody reserved for this purpose called . During the month of Ramadan, Muslims typically complete the recitation of the whole Quran during prayers. In order to extrapolate the meaning of a particular Quranic verse, Muslims rely on exegesis, or commentary rather than a direct translation of the text. Provided by Wikipedia
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The Effects of Individual Differences on Observational Learning in the Acquisition of a Teaching Skill by Koran, Mary Lou
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Differential Response to Question Pacing in Learning from Prose by Koran, Mary Lou
Published 1972Other Authors: “…Koran, John J., Jr…”
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Validating a Teacher Behavior by Student Performance by Koran, John J., Jr
Published 1973Other Authors: “…Koran, Mary Lou…”
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Teaching High School Science by Koran, John J., Jr
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A System and Rationale for Performance Based Teacher Supervision Using Modeling, Feedback and Practice Components by Koran, John J., Jr
Published 1974Other Authors: “…Koran, Mary Lou…”
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A Summary of Research in Science Education for the Years of 1968-69, College Level Science by Koran, John J., Jr
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How to Use Behavioral Objectives in Science Instruction by Koran, John J., Jr
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The Relative Effects of Imitation Versus Problem Solving on the Acquisition of Inquiry Behavior by Intern Teachers by Koran, John J., Jr
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A System and Rationale for Performance Based Teacher Supervision Using Modeling, Feedback and Practice Components. Research Bulletin, Vol. 9. No. 2 by Koran, John J., Jr
Published 1974Other Authors: “…Koran, Mary Lou…”
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Differential Response to Cueing and Feedback in the Acquisition of an Inductively Presented Biologic Concept by Koran, John J., Jr
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Rabbis of our Time : Authorities of Judaism in the Religious and Political Ferment of Modern Times. by Čejka, Marek
Published 2015Other Authors: “…Kořan, Roman…”
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The Effect of Individual Differences on Observational Learning in the Acquisition of a Teaching Skill. Final Report by McDonald, Frederick J.
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Impulse Control Disorders. by Aboujaoude, Elias
Published 2010Other Authors: “…Koran, Lorrin M.…”
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A Procedure for the Investigation of Hypothesized Relationships Among Dynamic Variables Over Time by Loose, Kenneth D.
Published 1975Other Authors: “…Koran, John J., Jr…”
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Review of Research on Mathemagenic Behavior Implications for Teaching and Learning Science. Technical Report No. 7 / by Wilson, John T.
Published 1975Other Authors: “…Koran, John J., Jr…”
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The Use of Film-Mediated Models to Prompt Children's Scientific Process Activities A Pilot Study / by DeTure, Linda R.
Published 1974Other Authors: “…Koran, John J., Jr…”
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Rabbis of our time : authorities of Judaism in the religious and political ferment of modern times /
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Impulse control disorders /
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Impulse control disorders /
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Working together in Vanuatu research histories, collaborations, projects and reflections /
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