International Finance Corporation
The International Finance Corporation (IFC) is an international financial institution that offers investment, advisory, and asset-management services to encourage private-sector development in less developed countries. The IFC is a member of the World Bank Group and is headquartered in Washington, D.C. in the United States.It was established in 1956, as the private-sector arm of the World Bank Group, to advance economic development by investing in for-profit and commercial projects for poverty reduction and promoting development. The IFC's stated aim is to create opportunities for people to escape poverty and achieve better living standards by mobilizing financial resources for private enterprise, promoting accessible and competitive markets, supporting businesses and other private-sector entities, and creating jobs and delivering necessary services to those who are poverty stricken or otherwise vulnerable.
Since 2009, the IFC has focused on a set of development goals that its projects are expected to target. Its goals are to increase sustainable agriculture opportunities, improve healthcare and education, increase access to financing for microfinance and business clients, advance infrastructure, help small businesses grow revenues, and invest in climate health.
The IFC is owned and governed by its member countries but has its own executive leadership and staff that conduct its normal business operations. It is a corporation whose shareholders are member governments that provide paid-in capital and have the right to vote on its matters. Originally, it was more financially integrated with the World Bank Group, but later, the IFC was established separately and eventually became authorized to operate as a financially autonomous entity and make independent investment decisions.
It offers an array of debt and equity financing services and helps companies face their risk exposures while refraining from participating in a management capacity. The corporation also offers advice to companies on making decisions, evaluating their impact on the environment and society, and being responsible. It advises governments on building infrastructure and partnerships to further support private sector development.
The corporation is assessed by an independent evaluator each year. In 2011, its evaluation report recognized that its investments performed well and reduced poverty, but recommended that the corporation define poverty and expected outcomes more explicitly to better-understand its effectiveness and approach poverty reduction more strategically. The corporation's total investments in 2011 amounted to $18.66 billion. It committed $820 million to advisory services for 642 projects in 2011, and held $24.5 billion worth of liquid assets. The IFC is in good financial standing and received the highest ratings from two independent credit rating agencies in 2018.
IFC comes under frequent criticism from NGOs that it is not able to track its money because of its use of financial intermediaries. For example, a report by Oxfam International and other NGOs in 2015, "The Suffering of Others," found the IFC was not performing enough due diligence and managing risk in many of its investments in third-party lenders.
Other criticism focuses on IFC working excessively with large companies or wealthy individuals already able to finance their investments without help from public institutions such as IFC, and such investments do not have an adequate positive development impact. An example often cited by NGOs and critical journalists is IFC granting financing to a Saudi prince for a five-star hotel in Ghana. Provided by Wikipedia
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Agriculture Finance in Kosovo: Creating an Agri-Finance Market by International Finance Corporation
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Strategic Environmental Assessment of the Myanmar Hydropower Sector by International Finance Corporation
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Tackling Childcare: The Business Case for Employer-Supported Childcare in Sri Lanka by International Finance Corporation
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Blockchain: Opportunities for Private Enterprises in Emerging Markets, Second Edition by International Finance Corporation
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Doing Business 2009 : Comparing Regulation in 181 Economies by World Bank
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Practical Guide to Corporate Governance : Experiences from the Latin American Companies Circle.
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Here Is Your Money : Using the Standard Cost Model to Measure Regulatory Compliance Costs in Developing Countries.
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How to Reform Business Licenses
Published 2010Other Authors: “…International Finance Corporation…”
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Arab Credit Reporting Guide
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Better Regulation for Growth : Governance Frameworks and Tools for Effective Regulatory Reform.
Published 2010Other Authors: “…International Finance Corporation…”
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Investing across Borders 2010 : Indicators of Foreign Direct Investment Regulation in 87 Economies.
Published 2010Other Authors: “…International Finance Corporation…”
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Regulatory Capacity Review of Uganda
Published 2010Other Authors: “…International Finance Corporation…”
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Regulatory Capacity Review of Rwanda
Published 2010Other Authors: “…International Finance Corporation…”
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Regulatory Quality Indicators
Published 2010Other Authors: “…International Finance Corporation…”
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Tools and Approaches to Review Existing Regulations
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Regulatory Quality and Competition Policy
Published 2010Other Authors: “…International Finance Corporation…”
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How Many Stops in a One-Stop Shop? : a Review of Recent Developments in Business Registration.
Published 2009Other Authors: “…International Finance Corporation…”
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Regulatory Capacity Review of Kenya
Published 2010Other Authors: “…International Finance Corporation…”
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Business Environment in Belarus 2010 : Survey of Small and Medium-Sized Businesses.
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Regulatory Governance in Developing Countries
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