Confederate States of America
The Confederate States of America (CSA), commonly referred to as the Confederate States (C.S.), the Confederacy, or the South, was an unrecognized breakaway republic in the Southern United States that existed from February 8, 1861, to May 9, 1865. The Confederacy was composed of eleven U.S. states that declared secession and warred against the United States during the American Civil War. The states were South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina.When Abraham Lincoln was elected President of the United States in 1860, the southern states were convinced their slavery-based plantation economy was threatened, and began to secede from the United States. The Confederacy was formed on February 8, 1861, by South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas. These states seceded in the first of two waves of secession. They adopted a new constitution establishing a confederation government of "sovereign and independent states". Some Northerners reacted by saying "Let the Confederacy go in peace!", while some Southerners wanted to maintain their loyalty to the Union. The federal government in Washington D.C. and states under its control were known as the Union.
The Civil War began on April 12, 1861, when the South Carolina militia attacked Fort Sumter. Four slave states of the Upper South—Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina—then seceded, in the second wave of secession, and joined the Confederacy. On February 22, 1862, Confederate States Army leaders re-installed a federal government in Richmond, Virginia, and enacted the first Confederate draft on April 16, 1862. By 1865, the Confederacy's federal government dissolved into chaos, and the Confederate States Congress adjourned, effectively ceasing to exist as a legislative body on March 18. After four years of heavy fighting, nearly all Confederate land and naval forces either surrendered or otherwise ceased hostilities by May 1865. The most significant capitulation was Confederate general Robert E. Lee's surrender on April 9, after which any doubt about the war's outcome or the Confederacy's survival was extinguished. Confederate President Davis's administration declared the Confederacy dissolved on May 5.
After the war, during the Reconstruction era, the Confederate states were readmitted to the Congress after each ratified the 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution outlawing slavery. Lost Cause mythology, an idealized view of the Confederacy valiantly fighting for a just cause, emerged in the decades after the war among former Confederate generals and politicians, and in organizations such as the United Daughters of the Confederacy and the Sons of Confederate Veterans. Intense periods of Lost Cause activity developed around the turn of the 20th century and during the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s in reaction to growing support for racial equality. Advocates sought to ensure future generations of Southern whites would continue to support white supremacist policies such as the Jim Crow laws through activities such as building Confederate monuments and influencing the authors of textbooks. The modern display of the Confederate battle flag primarily started during the 1948 presidential election, when the battle flag was used by the Dixiecrats. During the civil rights movement, racial segregationists used it for demonstrations.
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Echoes from the South comprising the most important speeches, proclamations, and public acts emanating from the South during the late war.
Published 1866“…President of the Confederate States of America, delivered at the Atheneum, Savannah, …”
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The statutes at large of the provisional government of the Confederate States of America : from the institution of the government, February 8, 1861, to its termination, February 18...
Published 1864“…Confederate States of America…”
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The statutes at large of the provisional government of the Confederate States of America, from the institution of the government, February 8, 1861, to its termination, February 18,...
Published 1864“…Confederate States of America…”
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Statutes at large of the provisional government of the Confederate States of America, from the institution of the government, February 8, 1861, to its termination, February 18, 186...
Published 1864“…Confederate States of America…”
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The statutes at large of the provisional government of the Confederate States of America from the institution of the government, February 8, 1861, to its termination, February 18,...
Published 1864“…Confederate States of America…”
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Southern history of the war : Official reports of battles as published by order of the Confederate Congress at Richmond.
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Laws and joint resolutions of the last session of the Confederate Congress (November 7, 1864-March 18, 1865) together with the Secret acts of previous congresses /
Published 1941“…Confederate States of America…”
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A bill to provide for the safe and expeditious transportation of troops and munitions of war by railroads.
Published 1863“…Confederate States of America…”
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The statutes at large of the provisional government of the Confederate States of America, from the institution of the government, February 8, 1861, to its termination, February 18,...
Published 1864“…Confederate States of America…”
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The Federal and the Confederate Constitutions, for use of government officers and for the people
Published 1862“…Confederate States of America…”
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Constitution of the Confederate States of America adopted by the Confederate Congress, March 11, 1861, and ratified by the Convention of North Carolina, June 15, 1861.
Published 1862“…Confederate States of America…”
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The Constitution of the Confederate States of America adopted March 11, 1861.
Published 1861“…Confederate States of America…”
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Provisional and permanent constitutions, together with the Acts and resolutions of the first session of the Provisional congress, of the Confederate States, 1861
Published 1861“…Confederate States of America…”
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Public laws of the Confederate States of America : passed at the first- session of the First- Congress, 1862-, carefully collated with the originals at Richmond /
Published 1862“…Confederate States of America…”
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15
Public laws of the Confederate States of America : passed at the first- session of the First Congress ; carefully collated with the originals at Richmond /
Published 1862“…Confederate States of America…”
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Military laws of the Confederate States embracing all the legislation of Congress appertaining to military affairs from the first to the last session inclusive, with a copious inde...
Published 1863“…Confederate States of America…”
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A compilation of the messages and papers of the confederacy : including the diplomatic correspondence, 1861-1865 /
Published 1905“…Confederate States of America. President…”
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The messages and papers of Jefferson Davis and the Confederacy, including diplomatic correspondence, 1861-1865 /
Published 1966“…Confederate States of America. President…”
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A compilation of the messages and papers of the confederacy : including the diplomatic correspondence, 1861-1865 /
Published 1905“…Confederate States of America. President…”
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The constitution of the state of Texas as amended in 1861 : the constitution of the Confederate States of America : the ordinances of the Texas convention : and an address to the p...
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