George Canning
George Canning (; 11 April 17708 August 1827) was a British Tory statesman. He held various senior cabinet positions under numerous prime ministers, including two important terms as foreign secretary, finally becoming Prime Minister of the United Kingdom for the last 119 days of his life, from April to August 1827.The son of an actress and a failed businessman and lawyer, Canning was supported financially by his uncle, Stratford Canning, which allowed him to attend Eton College and Christ Church, Oxford. Canning entered politics in 1793 and rose rapidly. He was Paymaster of the Forces (1800–1801) and Treasurer of the Navy (1804–1806) under William Pitt the Younger. Canning was foreign secretary (1807–1809) under the Duke of Portland. Canning was the dominant figure in the cabinet and directed the Battle of Copenhagen, the seizure of the Danish fleet in 1807 to assure Britain's naval supremacy over Napoleon. In 1809, he was wounded in a duel with his rival Lord Castlereagh and was shortly thereafter passed over as a successor to the Duke of Portland in favour of Spencer Perceval. He rejected overtures to serve as foreign secretary again because of Castlereagh's presence in Perceval's Cabinet and he remained out of high office until after Perceval was assassinated in 1812.
Canning served under the new prime minister the Earl of Liverpool as British Ambassador to Portugal (1814–1816), President of the Board of Control (1816–1821) and foreign secretary and Leader of the House of Commons (1822–1827). King George IV disliked Canning and there were efforts to frustrate his foreign policies. Canning gained much public support for his policies. The historian Paul Hayes argues that he achieved several diplomatic coups in relations with Spain and Portugal, by helping to guarantee the independence of the American colonies of Portugal and Spain. His policies ensured a major trading advantage for British merchants and supported the American Monroe Doctrine. The historian G. M. Trevelyan wrote
When Lord Liverpool resigned in April 1827, Canning was chosen to succeed him as prime minister, ahead of the Duke of Wellington and Sir Robert Peel. Both of them declined to serve under Canning and the Tories split between Peel and Wellington's Ultra-Tories and the Canningites. Canning then invited several Whigs to join his cabinet. His health collapsed, and he died of pneumonia at Chiswick House on 8 August 1827, whilst still in office. His tenure of 119 days in office made him the shortest-serving prime minister in history, a title he held for 195 years until Liz Truss' premiership in 2022, which lasted 49 days. Provided by Wikipedia
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The speeches of the Right Honourable George Canning : with a memoir of his life / by Canning, George, 1770-1827
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The letter-journal of George Canning : 1793-1795 / by Canning, George, 1770-1827
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Substance of two speeches, delivered in the House of Commons by the Right Honourable George Canning, on Wednesday the 8th, and Monday the 13th of May, 1811, in the Committee of the... by Canning, George, 1770-1827
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Speech of the Right Hon. George Canning to his constituents at Liverpool : on Saturday, March 18th, 1820, at the celebration of his fourth election. by Canning, George, 1770-1827
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Ulm and Trafalgar ; The poetical works / by Canning, George, 1770-1827
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Select speeches of the Right Honourable George Canning : with a preliminary biographical sketch, and an appendix, of extracts from his writings and speeches / by Canning, George, 1770-1827
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Two letters from the Right Honourable George Canning, to the Earl Camden, Lord President of the Council by Canning, George, 1770-1827
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The speeches of the Right Honourable George Canning with a memoir of his life / by Canning, George, 1770-1827
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The speeches of the Right Honourable George Canning with a memoir of his life / by Canning, George, 1770-1827
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Select speeches of the Right Honourable George Canning with a preliminary biographical sketch, and an appendix, of extracts from his writings and speeches / by Canning, George, 1770-1827
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Substance of Mr. Canning's speech, in the House of Commons, Tuesday, December 11, 1798, on Mr. Tierney's motion, respecting continental alliances by Canning, George, 1770-1827
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The rovers, or, The double arrangement by Canning, George, 1770-1827
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Substance of Mr. Canning's speech, in the House of Commons ... December 11, 1798, on Mr. Tierney motion, respecting continental alliances. by Canning, George, 1770-1827
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The speech of the Rt. Hon. George Canning, in the House of Commons, on the 16th day of March, 1824, on laying before the House the "Papers in explanation of the measures adopted by... by Canning, George, 1770-1827
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Speech of the Rt. Hon. George Canning : delivered at the Liverpool dinner, given in celebration of his re-election, March 18, 1820. by Canning, George, 1770-1827
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Substance of the speech of the Right Honourable George Canning, in the House of Commons, on ... the 30th of April, 1823, on Mr. MacDonalds motion respecting the negotiations at Ver... by Canning, George, 1770-1827
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Corrected report of the speech of the right Hon. ble George Canning in the House of Commons, 25th April, 1822 : on Lord John Russell's motion for a reform of Parliament. by Canning, George, 1770-1827
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The principles and tendency of radical reform. by Canning, George, 1770-1827
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Corrected report of the speech delivered by the Right Hon. George Canning : in the House of Commons, March 1st, 1827, on the corn laws. by Canning, George, 1770-1827
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Speech of the Right Hon. George Canning ... on laying before the House of Commons the papers in explanation of the measures adopted by His Majesty's government with a view of ameli... by Canning, George, 1770-1827
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